| 00:00:04 | >> | THE LATEST ARMY FIELD MANUAL WAS RELEASED LAST OCTOBER. IT FOCUSES ON A MILITARY STRATEGY TO HELP TO CREATE STABLE ENVIRONMENTS ABROAD, IN SOCIETIES UNDERGOING POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TURMOIL. NEXT, A GROUP OF PANELISTS INCLUDING ONE OF THE REPORTS CONTRIBUTOR, LIEUTENANT GENERAL WILLIAM CALDWELL DISCUSSES THE ARMY'S 21st CENTURY MISSION AND OBJECTIVES INCLUDING EFFORTS KNOWN AS NATION-BUILDING. THIS FORUM HOSTED THIS AFTERNOON BY THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION AND OUR LIVE COVERAGE HERE ON C-SPAN2. THE EVENT SHOULD BE GETTING STARTED IN JUST A FEW MOMENTS. [INAUDIBLE CONVERSATIONS] [INAUDIBLE CONVERSATIONS] [INAUDIBLE CONVERSATIONS] [INAUDIBLE CONVERSATIONS] [INAUDIBLE CONVERSATIONS] [INAUDIBLE CONVERSATIONS] [INAUDIBLE CONVERSATIONS] [INAUDIBLE CONVERSATIONS] [INAUDIBLE CONVERSATIONS] |
| 00:03:31 | >> | CAN YOU HEAR ME? IS IT ON? YEAH? GREAT. RESERVED FOR ME? GREAT. WELL, WELCOME TO BROOKINGS AND THE LAUNCH OF FM307 THE STABILITY OPERATIONS MANUAL. I'D LIKE TO THANK EVERYBODY FOR COMING. THIS IS A GREAT TURNOUT. "FIELD MANUEL 3-07"FM3-07 AND THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN PRESS FOR AGREEING TO PUBLISH THIS ARMY MANUAL SO THAT COULD BE AVAILABLE TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC AND ALSO FINALLY TO THE COMBINED ARMS CENTER AND UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF GENERAL CALDWELL. MY NAME IS JEANINE DAVIDSON. I'M A SENIOR FELLOW HERE AT BROOKINGS. I'D LIKE TO JUST SORT OF SET THE STAGE HERE FOR THE PANELISTS TO DISCUSS THE MANUAL. FIRST OF ALL, WHERE DID IT COME FROM. WHAT IS IT ALL ABOUT? THE AMERICAN MILITARY HAS A REALLY LONG HISTORY IN CONDUCTING THESE SORTS OF OPERATIONS. IT GOES ALL THE WAY BACK TO THE 19th CENTURY BUT IT WASN'T REALLY UNTIL, WELL, ABOUT 2004 WHEN THERE WAS A DEFENSE SCIENCE BOARD STUDY THAT SAID, YOU KNOW, WE'VE BEEN DOING THESE THINGS FOR A LONG TIME AND THEY'RE REALLY EXPENSIVE. THEY TAKE A LONG TIME. AND WE'RE NOT VERY GOOD AT THEM AND PEOPLE DIE. WE NEED TO GET BETTER AT THEM AND SO THIS IS SORT OF ONE OF THE MANY DIFFERENT EFFORTS TO DO THAT. WHAT MAKES THIS UNIQUE IS THAT IT'S A WHOLE GOVERNMENT EFFORT. THE MANUAL IS WRITTEN BY THE ARMY BUT IT WAS REALLY WRITTEN IN A WHOLE GOVERNMENT WAY WITH LOTS AND LOTS OF DIFFERENT ACTORS AS GENERAL CALDWELL WILL DISCUSS. I WOULD LIKE TO POINT OUT A COUPLE OF DIFFERENT THINGS BEFORE WE TURN IT OVER TO THE PANELISTS. WHAT THIS MANUAL IS NOT. IT'S NOT GRAND STRATEGY. IT'S A DOCTRINE. NOT WHY WE DO IT. NOT WHERE WE DO IT. WHEN WE DO IT. THAT'S UP TO THE POLITICIANS. THAT'S IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND. IT'S ALSO NOT POLICY. AND IT'S NOT ALSO RIGID. I THINK WHAT YOU LEARN HERE TODAY IS THAT THIS MANUAL IS A REALLY, REALLY BIG STEP IN UNDERSTANDING WHERE WE'VE BEEN AND WHERE WE'RE GOING AND HOW TO CONDUCT THESE OPERATIONS BUT IT'S NOT THE FINAL ANSWER. AND THERE'S A LOT OF QUESTIONS AND I'M SURE THE AUDIENCE WILL HAVE A LOT OF QUESTIONS FOR THE PANELISTS. WITH THAT I WOULD LIKE TO INTRODUCE THE PANELISTS. ON MY RIGHT IS GENERAL CALDWELL. HE'S THE COMMANDER OF THE COMBINED ARMS CENTER WHERE THEY DO ALL THE DOCTRINE AND THE HEAVY THINKING FOR THE ARMY. HE'S IN CHARGE OF ALL THE SCHOOLS FOR THE ARMY. AND AFTER THAT WILL BE CARLOS PASCUAL, WHO'S THE DIRECTOR OF FOREIGN POLICY STUDIES HERE AT BROOKINGS. HE ALSO WAS THE FORMER COORDINATOR FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND STABILIZATION AT THE STATE DEPARTMENT SO HE KNOWS THIS TOPIC VERY WELL BUT FROM THE CIVILIAN SIDE. AND FINALLY, SECRETARY OF DEFENSE -- UNDERSECRETARY OF DEFENSE, MICHELLE. SHE'S THE NEW UNDERSECRETARY FOR DEFENSE FOR POLICY. SHE HAS JUST COMPLETED THE PRESIDENT'S STUDY FOR AFGHANISTAN AND PAKISTAN. SO THERE'S SOME APPLICABILITY HERE TODAY AND WITH THAT FURTHER ADO, I WOULD LIKE TO TURN IT |
| 00:07:03 | >> | WELL, THANKS FOR THAT INTRODUCTION. I APPRECIATE THAT AND THEN I APPRECIATE YOU AGREEING TO MODERATE THIS TODAY AND HOST IT HERE FOR US. I ALSO WANT TO SHARE TODAY THIS IS A BIG DAY FOR THE ARMY, OBVIOUSLY, BECAUSE THERE HAS BEEN AN ONGOING COLLABORATIVE EFFORT TO GET THIS FIELD MANUAL BROUGHT TO CONCLUSION AND WE DID IT THIS PAST FALL AND WE'RE REALLY EXCITED ABOUT WHERE IT WILL TAKE US INTO THE FUTURE. IT'S ALWAYS GREAT, TOO, TO SEE YOU MICHELLE. THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE. I KNOW THIS ISN'T QUITE LIKE BEING IN THE WHITE HOUSE WITH THE PRESIDENT ROLLING OUT THE PAKISTAN/AFGHANISTAN STRATEGY BUT I DO APPRECIATE YOU JOINING US HERE TODAY AND TO YOU, CARLOS, TO THANK YOU -- TO YOU AND THE ENTIRE BROOKINGS TEAM FOR HOSTING THIS EVENT FOR US TO DO THIS. AND I ALSO WANT TO POINT OUT THAT TODAY, YOU KNOW, THIS ISN'T THE END. THIS IS RATHER AN ONGOING DIALOG THAT WILL CONTINUE. AND AS WE SAT THERE AND LISTENED THIS MORNING TO THE PRESIDENT'S ANNOUNCEMENT ON THE NEW COMPREHENSIVE REGIONAL STRATEGY FOR BOTH AFGHANISTAN AND PAKISTAN, THERE'S OBVIOUSLY LIKE JANINE SAID THERE'S TREMENDOUSUS CHALLENGES HERE. IT'S A PRIVILEGE TO ADDRESS SO MANY PEER AND TO HAVE OUR INTERAGENCY PARTNERS, OUR FRIENDS THE NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, THE PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS, THE LEADERS FROM ACADEMIA AND THE PRIVATE STAFF AND MEMBERS OF THE MEDIA THAT WERE ALL A PART OF HELPING US GET TO WHERE WE WERE IN PUBLISHING THIS MANUAL. LET ME ALSO TAKE THIS OPPORTUNITY, IF I COULD, TO INVITE ANY OF YOU ALL THAT HAVE NOT BEEN OUT TO FORT LEAVENWORTH, WHICH IS THE TRULY INTELLECTUAL CENTER FOR ARMY. WE WOULD LOVE TO HOST YOU OUT THERE. IF YOU HAVEN'T COME, GIVE US A CALL AND WE'LL BE GLAD TO HAVE YOU COME OUT AND SPEND SOME TIME. IT'S A TREMENDOUS ORGANIZATION THAT THE UNITED STATES ARMY HAS OUT THERE. WE DO THE ROUTING, THE THINKING AND THE EDUCATING FOR OUR ARMY. TODAY MARKS A SPECIAL DAY AS WE SAID. AS OUR ARMY MOVES INTO THIS 21st CENTURY AND LEARNS HOW TO OPERATE IN THIS VERY UNCERTAIN, COMPLEX AND DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT, WHAT THIS BOOK HAS DONE, THIS HAS BEEN A JOURNEY FOR US. A JOURNEY THAT WILL GUIDE US INTO THE FUTURE, A JOURNEY THAT WILL TAKE US BEYOND THE CONFLICTS OF TODAY TO MEET THE CHALLENGES OF TOMORROW. AND THIS JOURNEY WILL MARK OUR GENERATION AS AGENTS OF CHANGE, CHANGE FOR A BETTER, SAFER, MORE STABLE WORLD. IT'S A JOURNEY THAT BEGAN OVER A YEAR AGO. I'VE BEEN IN COMMAND FOR ONLY A FEW MONTHS WHEN MY STAFF CAME TO ME AND ASKED ME ABOUT THE BEGINNINGS OF THIS NEW MANUAL WE'RE GOING TO WRITE CALLED STABILITY OPERATIONS AND I THOUGHT, JUST WHAT WE NEED. ANOTHER ARMY DOCTRINAL MANUAL. AND THEY SAID WELL, IT'S NOT GOING TO BE DONE THE SAME WAY WE'VE DONE BEFORE. THAT, IN FACT, THIS ONE HERE WE'RE GOING TO BE FAR MORE INCLUSIVE THAN WE'VE EVER BEEN AND WE'RE GOING TO TAKE A MUCH MORE COLLABORATIVE, COORDINATED AND COOPERATIVE APPROACH AND BEING THE FACILITATORS OF BUILDING A PIECE OF DOCTRINE FOR THE UNITED STATES ARMY UNLIKE WE'VE EVER DONE BEFORE. WHAT STARTED OFF TO BE A PRODUCT FOR US, A PRODUCT THAT WE WERE GOING TO PRODUCE HAS REALLY BECOME A PROCESS. IT'S A PROCESS THAT DIDN'T END WITH THE PUBLICATION OF THE MANUAL BUT RATHER IT'S JUST THE BEGINNING OF MANY MORE THINGS THAT WE'LL CONTINUE TO DO OUT OF THOSE RELATIONSHIPS THAT HAVE BEEN FORMED DURING THIS TIME PERIOD. TRADITIONALLY WHEN WE WRITE ARMY DOCTRINE IT'S DONE IN-HOUSE. THE ARMY HAS A VERY DELIBERATE SET PROCEDURE AS MANY OF YOU MIGHT IMAGINE AS WE CAN ONLY DO IN THE UNITED STATES MILITARY. BUT WE REALLY BROKE THE MOLD IN DOING THIS ONE. IF YOU LOOK BACK AND YOU LOOK AT HOW WE WROTE THE COUNTERINSURGENCY MANUAL, IT REALLY WAS THE FIRST DEVIATION FROM THE WAY ARMY MANUALS WERE WRITTEN, DONE IN 2006, AND A MUCH MORE OPEN AND COLLABORATIVE MANNER, MANY ACADEMIA AND OTHERS BEING BROUGHT INTO THE PROCESS. WE TOOK THE LESSONS LEARNED FROM THAT, APPLIED THEM TO THIS AND EXPANDED IT EVEN FURTHER GOING INTO THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY REACHING OUT ACROSS MANY, MANY DIFFERENT NATIONS IN ADDITION TO ALL THE NORMAL FOLKS WE TALKED ABOUT AT THE VERY BEGINNING. BUT THIS MANUAL, STABILITY OPERATIONS DOCTRINE IS EVEN MORE UNIQUE. IT FOCUSES ON THE SKILLS AND THE CAPABILITIES NOT TYPICALLY RESONANT IN OUR MILITARY FORCES. THESE SOFT POWER SKILLS REBUILDING AND REFORMING OF INSTITUTIONS, OF GOVERNMENTS, REVITALIZING FRAGILE ECONOMIES, RESTORING SOCIAL WELL-BEING WILL BE CRITICAL TO THE FUTURE WHERE OPERATING AMONG THE PEOPLE OF THE WORLD WILL BE THE NORM. IN FACT, WE CALL IT MASTERING THE HUMAN DIMENSION OF CONFLICT. BECAUSE THIS WILL TRULY BE THE ONLY SURE PATH TO SUCCESS. THE SOFT POWER SKILLS ARE DRAWN FROM THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF MANY DIFFERENT SOURCES. THE OTHER DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES OF OUR GOVERNMENT, THE DEVELOPMENTAL COMMUNITY, THE HUMANITARIAN COMMUNITY, OUR ALLIES AND FRIENDS AND EVEN THE PRIVATE SECTOR. TO WRITE ABOUT THESE SKILLS AND TO DO SUCH -- DO SO IN A WAY THAT WOULD SUPPORT OUR ABILITY TO WORK TOGETHER IN HARMONY REQUIRED A VERY UNIQUE TEAM OF EXPERTS TO PULL THIS TOGETHER. WHEN I CAME TO WASHINGTON, D.C. IN OCTOBER OF 2007 WHEN WE INITIATED THIS, I REALLY THOUGHT I WAS COMING TO MEET LOTS OF MEMBERS OF THE JOINT COMMUNITY. INSTEAD, WHAT I FOUND WAS THE EXACT OPPOSITE. THE PEOPLE WHO WERE AT THE CORE WRITING THIS EFFORT GATHERED AT THE U.S. INSTITUTE FOR PEACE TO HELP US CHART THE WAY AHEAD WITH A TIMELINE AND AN AGENDA THAT WERE ABOUT AS AGGRESSIVE AS IT GETS IN THIS BUSINESS AND LESS THAN FROM ONE YEAR IN THE BEGINNING WE'RE ABLE TO PUBLISH THIS MANUAL. THE TEAM INCLUDED PEOPLE THAT ARE, IN FACT, IN THIS ROOM WITH US TODAY, PEOPLE LIKE JANINE DAVIDSON WHO AT THE TIME WAS THE DIRECTOR FOR THE CONSORTIUM FOR COMPLEX OPERATIONS, CRUCIAL TO HELPING US BRING TOGETHER REPRESENTATIVES FROM THE OTHER AGENCIES. ELAINE A CAREER MINISTER FROM USAID WHO BROUGHT A LIFETIME OF DEVELOPMENTAL EXPERIENCE TO THE EFFORT. AND BETH COLE FROM THE INSTITUTE FOR PEACE AND AMBASSADOR JIM BISHOP, VICE PRESIDENT FOR INTERACTION -- ALL OF THEM HELPED US LEVERAGE THE WEALTH OF EXPERIENCE IN THE NONGOVERNMENTAL AND GOVERNMENTAL COMMUNITIES TO ENSURE THAT THIS MANUAL CAPTURED ADEQUATELY THE WAY THAT WE THOUGHT THE U.S. GOVERNMENT WOULD OPERATE IN THE FUTURE. THE TEAM LITERALLY INCLUDED ONLY ONE ARMY OFFICER. THAT WAS IT. THAT WAS ALL THAT WAS REQUIRED WAS JUST TO HAVE ONE ARMY OFFICER AND THAT WAS LIEUTENANT COLONEL STEVE LEONARD. HE AUTHORED IT FOR US. AS JANINE NOTES SO ELOQUENTLY IF YOU LOOK AT THE FORWARD SHE HAS WRITTEN, STEVE BROUGHT TO THE TABLE AN ABILITY TO KNOW WHAT HE DIDN'T KNOW. WE RECOGNIZE WALKING INTO THIS THAT THERE WAS MORE WE DIDN'T KNOW THAN WE DID KNOW AND THAT WE WOULD REALLY COUNT ON PEOPLE LIKE H[JANINE DAVIDSON AND BETH COLE AND AMBASSADOR JIM BISHOP TO LEAD US ALONG THE WAY AND ADD THE PEOPLE WHO NEEDED TO BE PART OF THIS PROCESS IF THIS MANUAL WAS, IN FACT, GOING TO BE SOMETHING TO BE UTILIZED BY THE UNITED STATES MILITARY AND OUR PARTNERS AND ALLIES AS A GUIDE IN THE FUTURE. TOGETHER THEY BEGAN TO GATHER THE FACTS THAT WOULD CAPTURE THE EXPERIENCE OF THE ENTIRE COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE. BUT TRULY WHAT BEGAN AS AN EFFORT TO DEVELOP A MANUAL LIKE I SAID, BECAME FAR MORE THAN THAT. AND TODAY WE VIEW THIS AS A PROCESS. A PROCESS OF DEVELOPING RELATIONSHIPS, OF KNOWLEDGE-SHARING, AND A PROCESS THAT HAS ALSO RESULTED IN SOME VERY LONG-LASTING FRIENDSHIPS AMONG MANY OF US. THIS PROCESS HELPED TO BLAZE A PATHWAY TO THE FUTURE, TOO, TO SPARK DEBATE ON HOW WE'LL DEVELOP THE NEXT GENERATION OF LEADERS. NOT JUST MILITARY LEADERS BUT LEADERS FROM AGENCIES, ORGANIZATIONS, AND COUNTRIES CAPABLE OF FORGING THESE EFFECTIVE TEAMS. LEADERS WHO CAN UNITE DIVERSE GROUPS OF PEOPLE TO WORK TOGETHER TOWARDS A SHARED GOAL. CREATIVE AND ADAPTIVE LEADERS COMFORTABLE WITH OPERATING IN THIS COMPLEX ENVIRONMENT THAT WE FIND OURSELVES IN, IN THE 21st CENTURY. THIS IS THE ESSENCE OF WHAT WE CALL THE COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH. EVOLVING LEADERSHIP BEYOND TRADITIONAL MODES OF COMMAND AND CONTROL, TO EMBRACE WHAT WE CALL AND LIKE TO REFER TO AS THE NEW C3 OF THE 21st CENTURY. THAT OF COORDINATION, COLLABORATION, AND COOPERATION. THE COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH ALLOWS US TO MOVE BEYOND THAT UNITY OF COMMAND AND FORGE A UNITY OF EFFORT AND A UNITY OF PURPOSE AMONG THE MANY DIVERSE ACTORS IN THIS COMMUNITY. THE COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH REPRESENTS THE GREATEST CHALLENGE OUR LEADERS WILL FACE IN THE NEXT GENERATION. OUR LEADERS MUST UNDERSTAND THAT MILITARY FORCE, ALTHOUGH NECESSARY, WILL NEVER BE SUFFICIENT. THAT MILITARY FORCE, IN FACT, WILL WIN EVERY BATTLE OF ENGAGEMENT IN WHICH WE ARE ENGAGED BUT WE ALONE WILL NEVER BE ABLE TO WIN THE PEACE. BY FORGING THE COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO OPERATIONS, WE, IN FACT, GET AT THE VERY CORE OF LEADER DEVELOPMENT FOR OUR MILITARY. AND AT FORT LEAVENWORTH WE ARE PRESSURING INITIATIVE TO ACHIEVE THIS SYNERGY SO CRITICAL TO THE SUCCESS OF OUR ARMED FORCES AS WE WORK TOGETHER AS A COMMUNITY OF NATIONS. THIS BOOK IS JUST AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT WE CAN ACCOMPLISH WHEN WE ALL WORK TOGETHER IN A COLLABORATIVE, COORDINATED AND COOPERATIVE MANNER. WHEN WE GET OUR MINDS SET ON DOING SOMETHING, WE CAN, IN FACT, BRING IT MUCH CLOSER TO ONE COMMON GOAL. AND OUR EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS OUT OF FORT LEAVENWORTH WE EXPANDED OUR CLASSES TO INCLUDE GREATER REPRESENTATION FROM INTERNATIONAL MILITARY STUDENTS. WE'RE NOW WELL OVER 100 AND MOVING TOWARDS ABOUT 150. IN THE SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MILITARY STUDIES, OUR TRULY PREMIER LEADER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY, WE'VE ALREADY BEEN -- BEGUN TO PUSH IN THERE INTERAGENCY GRADUATES TO KEY CRITICAL JOBS AND APPLY FORWARD INTO AFGHANISTAN. OUR FACULTY NOW, IN FACT, INCLUDES SOME PERMANENT MEMBERS OF THE INTERAGENCY AND OUR ALLIES. AND OUR COURSE WORK NOW HAS BEGUN TO MORE ROUTINELY INCLUDE INTERACTION WITH INTERNATIONAL AND NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS. AT OUR COMBAT TRAINING CENTERS WE'RE DOING THE EXACT SAME THING. WE HAVE RECOGNIZED THE CRITICAL IMPORTANCE OF GETTING TOWARDS THIS AND WE START TO INTERGRATE OUR INTERAGENCY PARTNERS OUT THERE TO THE POINT WHERE WE EVENTUALLY WANT TO BE -- TO WHERE THOSE ARE GOING TO GO FORWARD TO WORK IN PROVINCIAL RECONSTRUCTION TEAMS AND OTHER KEY ELEMENTS IN AFGHANISTAN AND IRAQ WILL, IN FACT, GO THROUGH THE MISSION REHEARSAL EXERCISES WITH THOSE MILITARY FORCES GETTING READY TO DEPLOY FORWARD. AND THEN JUST TWO WEEKS AGO, WE COMPLETED OUR FIRST ITERATION OF A ONE-WEEK COURSE FOR THE INTERAGENCY PLANNERS LAUNCHED AT THE STATE DEPARTMENT'S OFFICE OF POLITICAL MILITARY AFFAIRS. AGAIN, JUST ONE MORE STEP IN MOVING TOWARDS A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH IN UNDERSTANDING THAT IDENTITY GOING TO BE A COLLECTIVE EFFORT BY ALL OF US AS WE WORK TOWARDS SOME ULTIMATE SUCCESS DOWN RANGE IN BOTH AFGHANISTAN AND IRAQ. BEFORE I PASS THE MICROPHONE TO CARLOS, I'D LEAVE YOU WITH ONE MORE THOUGHT HERE. WE, UNITED STATES MILITARY AND EVERYBODY IN THIS ROOM, BEAR THE RESPONSIBILITY OF DEVELOPING THESE CREATIVE AND ADAPTIVE LEADERS THAT ARE GOING TO BE AT THE HEART AND SOUL OF THIS ENTIRE COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH. LEADERS WITH THAT INNATE ABILITY TO CONTEND WITH THE EMERGING DRIVERS OF CONFLICT AND INSTABILITY IN THE FACE OF RAPID CULTURAL, SOCIAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE. LEADERS WHO CAN INTERGRATE THE TOOLS OF STATECRAFT WITH OUR MILITARY FORCES, OUR INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS, OUR HUMANITARIAN ORGANIZATIONS AND EVEN THE PRIVATE SECTOR. LEADERS WHO I CAN FORGE A UNITY OF EFFORT AMONG THE VERY RICH AND DIVERSE GROUP OF ACTORS TO SHAPE A BETTER FUTURE, A BETTER TOMORROW. IT'S BEEN SAID THERE'S NO GREATER RESPONSIBILITY THAN BEARING THE MANTEL OF LEADERSHIP. OUR GENERATION, THE PEOPLE THAT ARE IN THIS ROOM TODAY, BEAR THE GREAT RESPONSIBILITY OF DEVELOPING THOSE LEADERS FOR TOMORROW. AND WE BELIEVE AS YOU LOOK AT THIS BOOK AND GO THROUGH IT, THAT THIS BOOK IS, IN FACT, THE FIRST STEP IN MOVING FORWARD IN BOTH TEACHING AND TRAINING AND EDUCATING THE FUTURE LEADERS OF AMERICA. AND WITH THAT, I'LL PASS IT OFF TO CARLOS. |
| 00:19:02 | >> | GENERAL, THANK YOU. JANINE, THANK YOU VERY MUCH. AND MICHELLE, IT'S A PLEASURE TO BE HERE WITH YOU AS WELL. THANK YOU FOR JOINING US IN THIS DISCUSSION. THIS MANUAL, I THINK, MAKES AN ABSOLUTELY CRITICAL UNDERSTANDING -- CONTRIBUTION TO OUR UNDERSTANDING OF PEACE. AND AS GENERAL CALDWELL HAS JUST UNDERSCORED, HE SAID THAT THIS REQUIRES BUILDING THE CAPACITY OF A STATE TO FUNCTION. IT REQUIRES AND NECESSITATES SKILLS THAT ARE OUTSIDE OF THE MILITARY. IT REQUIRES A NEW FORM OF CIVILIAN MILITARY ENGAGEMENT AND THAT'S THE CHALLENGE THAT THE ARMY IS TRYING TO FACE UP TO TODAY AND IT'S CRITICAL IN OUR NATIONAL POLICY STRATEGIES. I HAVE A PREDICTION, AND THAT PREDICTION IS THAT THE MILITARY IS GOING TO FIND THIS FIELD MANUAL INHERENTLY FRUSTRATING. IT'S GOING TO FIND IT FRUSTRATING BECAUSE MOST OF THE ELEMENTS IN IT IN ORDER TO BE ABLE TO ACHIEVE STABILITY OPERATIONS, JUSTICE, THE RULE OF LAW, HUMAN SECURITY, SOCIAL SERVICE -- DELIVERY OF SOCIAL SERVICES, EFFECTIVE GOVERNANCE, DEVELOPING THE ECONOMY, DEVELOPING INFRASTRUCTURE ARE OUTSIDE OF THE MILITARY'S CONTROL. IT'S GOING TO BE FRUSTRATING BECAUSE THERE ARE MAJOR GAPS IN CIVILIAN CAPACITY. WE REALLY HAVEN'T FACED UP TO THE FACT THAT SUCCESS IN MILITARY MISSIONS ALSO REQUIRES A FUNDAMENTAL CIVILIAN CAPABILITY IN THAT WE HAVE TO STAFF FOR THAT AND ACTUALLY BUILD THOSE CAPABILITIES. AND IT'S GOING TO BE FRUSTRATING BECAUSE AS WE MOVE TOWARD THAT PART OF THE BUILDING THE CAPACITY OF LOCAL COUNTERPARTS TO FUNCTION, IT'S GOING TO DEPEND ON THEIR POLITICAL WILL, THEIR POLITICAL CAPABILITIES AND IT'S GOING TO TAKE THAT OUTSIDE OF THE HANDS OF THE U.S. GOVERNMENT AND OUTSIDE OF THE MILITARY. THAT SAID, THIS DOCUMENT IS A FOUNDATION FOR PLANNING. AND I THINK IT'S IMPORTANT TO GO BACK TO THE QUOTE FROM PRESIDENT EISENHOWER THAT JANINE HAS IN HER PART OF THE INTRODUCTION WHERE HE SAYS PLANNING IS EVERYTHING, THE PLAN IS NOTHING. AND THE INTENT HERE IS TO BE ABLE TO USE THIS AS A MANUAL THAT CAN HELP DRIVE CHANGE. AND I DO THINK IT IS A POWERFUL TOOL. AND IF THIS MANUAL HAD BEEN USED AND APPLIED TO IRAQ, FOR EXAMPLE, AND ONE BEGAN TO ASK THE QUESTIONS OF 2002 AND 2003 AND WHO WAS GOING TO ADDRESS ALL OF THE KINDS OF ESSENTIAL TASKS THAT ARE IDENTIFIED IN THIS MANUAL, WE EITHER WOULD NOT HAVE UNDERTAKEN THE MISSION OR WE WOULD HAVE DELAYED IT OR WE WOULD HAVE CHANGED IT RADICALLY. BUT THIS MANUAL WOULD HAVE TOLD US THAT THAT MISSION WAS GOING TO FAIL AS WAS DEFINED IN 2003 AND AS WAS STAFFED IN 2003. AND FOR AFGHANISTAN, IT WOULD HAVE TOLD US THAT WE NEEDED TO MAINTAIN AND SUSTAIN A MUCH LONGER PRESENCE BECAUSE THERE IS NO WAY THAT ALL OF THESE THINGS WOULD HAVE TO BE ACHIEVED IN ORDER TO -- IN ORDER TO GET EFFECTIVE STABILITY. THEY COULD NOT SIMPLY HAVE BEEN ACCOMPLISHED IN A SPEEDY FASHION IN 2002 IN THE TIME PERIOD THAT WAS ALLOWED BEFORE THERE WAS A BEGINNING OF A SIGNIFICANT SHIFT OF TROOPS TO IRAQ. SO THIS IS A POWERFUL TOOL. IT CAN ACTUALLY HAVE AN IMPACT. LET ME COVER FOUR SPECIFIC SETS OF THINGS IN THE TIME THAT -- REMAINING THAT I HAVE. THE FIRST IS ON THE POLITICAL AND POLICY CONTEXT. THE SECOND IS ON CIVILIAN CAPACITY. THE THIRD ARE ON SOME SPECIFIC TECHNICAL AND CULTURAL CHALLENGES AND THE FOURTH MAY BE JUST HIGHLIGHTING HOW SOME OF THIS MIGHT PLAY OUT OR THE IMPLICATIONS IT MIGHT HAVE FOR AFGHANISTAN. THE FIRST -- SO LET ME START ON THE POLICY CONTEXT. THE CONTEXT OF THIS MANUAL NEEDS TO BE A MEDIUM TERM STRATEGY IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE A POLITICAL SOLUTION. WITHOUT THAT POLITICAL SOLUTION, THERE IS NO VIABLE LONG-TERM SOLUTION FOR PEACE IN A PARTICULAR COUNTRY. THIS WAS ESTABLISHED WELL IN THE REPORT WHEN THE UNITED NATIONS TACKLED THIS ISSUE IN 2001. IT'S BEEN REAFFIRMED IN EVERY MAJOR STUDY OF PEACEKEEPING AND PEACE BUILDING THAT YOU HAVE TO HAVE A POLITICAL FOUNDATION FOR PEACE. SO WITHOUT THAT POLITICAL STRATEGY, WHAT STABILITY OPERATIONS ESSENTIALLY DO IS THAT THEY'RE PART OF A HOLDING PATTERN. THEY'RE NOT NECESSARILY ACHIEVING STABILITY IN AND OF THEMSELVES. WHAT STABILITY OPERATIONS CAN DO AND WHAT THEY SHOULD DO IS PROVIDE US FOR THAT TRANSITIONAL PROCESS TO MAKE PEACE SUSTAINABLE. SECOND POINT, THIS MANUAL ASSUMES VERY MUCH OF A U.S.-CENTRIC APPROACH IN U.S.-DOMINATED ENVIRONMENTS FOR PROMOTING PEACE AND PEACE BUILDING. MOST CASES THAT WE'RE GOING TO FACE IN THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ARE NOT GOING TO BE IN THAT KIND OF CATEGORY. AND INDEED WE SHOULD NOT PRECEDENT THE KIND OF TRAINING AND CAPABILITIES THAT WE DEVELOP ON THE ASSUMPTION OF A U.S. INTERVENTION BECAUSE THE LIKELIHOOD, ONE WOULD HOPE IN THE FUTURE, THAT THEY WOULD CERTAINLY BE LESS NECESSARY. AND SO IF WE LOOK AT THE TYPICAL KINDS OF CASES THAT WE WOULD BE ADDRESSING IN STABILITY OPERATIONS IN THE FUTURE, THEY WILL BE PLACES LIKE SOMALIA, SUDAN, CONGO, HAITI AND WE HAVE TO ASK OURSELVES THE QUESTION, WILL THE U.S. JOIN IN EFFORTS IN SUCH COUNTRIES? DO WE HAVE THE CAPABILITY TO COORDINATE WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS? DO WE HAVE THE POLITICAL WILL TO BE ABLE TO DO THAT? AND IF WE DON'T CONTRIBUTE, WILL OTHERS, IN FACT, BE WILLING TO CONTINUE TO MAKE -- TO MAKE EFFORTS IN THESE PARTICULAR AREAS? IF THERE'S ONE PARTICULAR AREA THAT I THINK THAT THE MANUAL NEEDS TO GO FURTHER AND NEEDS TO BE STRENGTHENED IT IS PARTICULARLY TO LOOK AT THIS QUESTION OF U.S. COORDINATION WITH THE REST OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY. BECAUSE MOST OF THE CASES THAT WE'RE GOING TO FACE SHOULD NOT BE U.S.-CENTRIC. THEY SHOULD BE PUT INTO A BROADER INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT. IN THIS INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT, UNFORTUNATELY, THE UNITED STATES IS OFTEN SEEN IS A LAGGARD AND THAT MAY SURPRISE MANY OF US BECAUSE WE TRY TO PUSH THIS ISSUE FORWARD QUITE AGGRESSIVELY. BUT THE MAJORITY OF U.S. EFFORTS HAVE ACTUALLY BEEN DONE IN THE CONTEXT OF U.S.-SPECIFIC MISSIONS, IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN IN IT PARTICULAR. IF YOU LOOK AT MOST OF THE INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS IN THE WORLD, THE UNITED STATES IS A FUNDER BUT NOT A CONTRIBUTOR. IF YOU LOOK AT MOST STABILIZATION AND RECONSTRUCTION AND PEACE-BUILDING EFFORTS AND THE FUNDING THAT'S BEEN PUT BEHIND IT, THE EUROPEAN UNION CONTRIBUTES ABOUT 250 MILLION EUROS ANNUALLY INCAPABILITY AND HAS A PROGRAM THAT GOES FROM 2007 TO 2013 THAT'S ABOUT 2 BILLION EUROS. CANADA HAS 100 MILLION DOLLAR CANADIAN FUND PLUS SIGNIFICANT OPERATIONAL FUNDING FOR THESE ACTIVITIES. THE U.K. HAS ALSO A SIGNIFICANT INTERAGENCY FUND FOR OPERATIONS. THE UNITED STATES HAS NO FUND FOR STABILIZATION AND RECONSTRUCTION. AND THIS YEAR FINALLY RECEIVED $75 MILLION ALLOCATION FOR THE OFFICE OF -- THE COORDINATOR FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND STABILIZATION AS WELL AS BUILDING UP SOME OTHER CAPABILITIES, BUT WE ARE FAR BEHIND OTHER MAJOR PARTNERS IN THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY. IT'S IMPORTANT FOR US TO KEEP THAT IN MIND. THEN IT'S ALSO IMPORTANT TO RECOGNIZE THAT IF THERE'S GOING TO BE SUCCESS, THAT THERE HAS TO BE A DEMAND FOR THESE CAPABILITIES, THE ALL OF GOVERNMENT KINDS OF CAPABILITIES THAT ARE OUTLINED IN THE MANUAL. WHAT IT STRESSES IS THAT -- WHAT THE MANUAL STRESSES IS THAT THERE IS NO INDIVIDUAL AGENCY THAT CAN ACTUALLY PRODUCE SUCCESS. THERE NEEDS TO BE A COORDINATED APPROACH. IT LAYS OUT THE REQUIREMENTS FOR AN INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ACROSS THE GOVERNMENT BUT THAT ONLY FUNCTIONS AND WORKS IF THERE IS ACTUALLY A DEMAND FOR IT AND IF THE PRESIDENT AND THE NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISOR AND THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE AND THE SECRETARY OF STATE CALL FOR THAT KIND OF ORGANIZATION IN ADDRESSING THESE STABILITY OPERATIONS IN SPECIFIC COUNTRIES. AND IF THAT DOESN'T HAPPEN, WHAT WILL END UP OCCURRING IS THAT THERE WILL ALWAYS BE TENSION BETWEEN THOSE THAT ARE MANNING THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL -- ALL OF GOVERNMENT FUNCTIONS AND IN PARTICULAR THE OFFICE OF THE COORDINATOR FOR RECONSTRUCTION STABILIZATION AND THE REGIONAL BUREAUS WHO HAVE TRADITIONALLY HAD THOSE RESPONSIBILITIES. AND WHAT YOU WILL ALSO POTENTIALLY SEE IS A TENSION THAT EMERGES NOT ONLY WITH THE REGIONAL BUREAUS BUT WITH TECHNICAL BUREAUS THAT HAVE RESPONSIBILITY, FOR EXAMPLE, FOR PEACE-KEEPING ACTIVITIES SO THERE REALLY NEEDS TO BE A DEMAND FROM THE TOP TO BE ABLE TO HAVE THIS KIND OF INTEGRATION TO WORK. LET ME SAY A COUPLE OF THINGS ABOUT CAPACITY. THERE ARE THREE KINDS OF CAPACITY I WOULD SUGGEST THAT ARE IMPORTANT ON THE CIVILIAN SIDE AND ROUGHLY I WOULD SAY THAT ONE IS THE ABILITY TO HAVE AN EFFECTIVE INTEGRATING AND PLANNING TEAM THAT PUTS TOGETHER THE OVERALL OPERATIONAL PLAN. THE SECOND ARE INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE ABLE TO BE DEPLOYED TO THE FIELD WHO BECOME THE FOUNDATION FOR LOCAL PLANNING OVERSIGHT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PROGRAMS. AND THIRD ARE THE, IN EFFECT, THE FOOT SOLDIERS ON THE CIVILIAN SIDE. THOSE WHO ARE ACTUALLY DELIVERING THE ASSISTANCE. AND IT'S IMPORTANT TO KEEP ALL -- THOSE THREE DISTINCTIONS IN MIND. .. INDIVIDUALS WHO CAN BE DEPLOYED FROM A FIELD POSITION. SEVERING THAT BACK TO THE FUNCTIONS YOU ARE DESCRIBED IN THE MANUAL ITSELF. IT CALLS FOR AN INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT SYSTEM THAT HAS CAPACITY TO BRING TOGETHER THE INTERAGENCY. TO DO THAT GENERALLY WILL REQUIRE A SENIOR INDIVIDUAL WHO HAS OVERSIGHT OF THE INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR ANY GIVEN COUNTRY. RIGHT NOW THERE IS NO KORS SR. INDIVIDUALS TRAINED FOR THIS THAT THE U.S. GOVERNMENT HAS TO TURN TO SO IT IS DONE ON THE AD HOC BASIS. SIGNIFICANT CAPABILITY HAS BEEN BUILT UP THERE ARE PLANNING DOCUMENTS THAT ARE DEVELOPED BUT IF YOU LOOK AT THE POINT OF CANNED PLANS BE EXERCISED TO EXIST TO PASS A FLOOR TRADING? OF THE CIVILIAN SIDE THERE IS A HUGE GAP BECAUSE THE NUMBERS ARE SO STRETCHED THEY'RE TRYING TO FIGURE HOW TO GET THE JOB DONE SO THEY DON'T HAVE THE CAPABILITY TO ENGAGE THE EXTENT OF THE TRAINING PROGRAMS THE MILITARY WANT THEM. YOU CAN TAKE UP THE ENTIRE CIVILIAN CAPACITY AND NOT HAVE PEOPLE DO THE ACTUAL JOBS YOU WERE HOPING FOR THEM TO DO. TO LOOK AT OPERATIONS YEAR, THERE IS A MAJOR GAP. THE PROPOSAL WAS FOR THE CREATION FOR THE CIVILIAN RESERVES THAT WOULD BE COMPARABLE TO WHAT THE MILITARY HAS BOTH A MILITARY RESERVE AND A CIVIL AFFAIR RESERVE. THIS COULD BE DRAWN ON FOR DEPLOYMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION FOR PROGRAMS AND THE AREA OF POLICE AND THE RULE OF LAW AND OF DELIVERY OF BASIC SERVICES. THAT IS TOTALLY FROZEN NO FUNDING HAS BEEN MADE AVAILABLE FOR THAT. IT AFFECTS THOSE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PROGRAMS ARE OF THE MODEL WE ESSENTIALLY HAVE ALWAYS HAD DRAWING ON NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS AND CONTRACTORS BOTH OF WHICH HAVE SIGNIFICANT CAPABILITIES BUT THE DEPLOYMENT LAG OF GETTING THEM OVERSEAS AND IMPLEMENTING PROGRAMS HAS USUALLY BEEN MUCH MORE SIGNIFICANT ALTHOUGH IN SOME CASES LESS. THE STRATEGY CALLS FOR THE DEPLOYMENT OF WATER CALLED ADVANCED CIVILIAN TEAMS FROM THE BEGINNING OF OPERATIONS, A MILITARY OPERATIONS CAN EMBED WITH THE MILITARY THAT WILL VERY MUCH DEPEND ON HAVING THE CIVILIAN IS AVAILABLE. THE CIVILIAN RESPONSE CORPORATION WILL FACILITATE THAT THERE IS A HUGE GAP THERE. , THE INTERNATIONAL SIDE WE HAVE TWO RECOGNIZE CORD NATION IS BROKEN. THE WOULD RECENTLY CREATED A PEACE BUILDING COMMISSION INTENDED TO BE ABLE TO ACHIEVE BETTER COORDINATION AND STABILITY OPERATION. THAT IS STILL FINDING ITS FEET AND THE OFFICE THAT SUPPORTS IT WAS HEADED BY A AN INDIVIDUAL TREMENDOUSLY TALENTED AND WE HOPE WILL BECOME THE DEPUTY SECRETARY OF, AND SECURITY. SO THAT WILL REMOVE THE CAPACITY FROM THE INTERNATIONAL SIDE. NATO AND THE ONE OF THE THINGS TO RECOGNIZE AS WELL THERE HAS BEEN A HUGE PROBLEM THERE. THE TWO ENTITIES HE WOULD EXPECT TO ACCORD MAY HAVE NOT FOR POLITICAL REASONS RELATED TO TURKEY AND CYPRUS. AS A RESULT IT HAS NO FORMAL MECHANISM FOR COORDINATION BETWEEN THE MEUSE ARE A FUNCTION AND THOSE WHO CARRY OUT CIVILIAN ACTIVITIES. LET ME SAY A COUPLE OF THINGS ON THE TECHNICAL AND CULTURAL SIDE THAT DERIVE, GENERAL CALDWELL POINTED OUT THE IMPORTANCE OF HAVING THE CAPACITY TO OPERATE AT THE LEVEL AND FUNCTION OF THE ROLE THE RESTRICTION TEAMS HAVE PLAYED IN THIS CAPACITY. WHAT WE HAVE SEEN TRADITIONALLY IS THE PRT HAVE BEEN A MECHANISM TO OPERATE AT A PROVINCIAL LEVEL THAT HAS BEEN LARGELY MILITARY ORIENTED WITH SOME OF CIVILIANS EMBEDDED. WITH INITIAL DEPLOYMENTS WHERE THE SECURITY SITUATION IS FAIRLY UNSTABLE, THAT HAS A TIME SPAN QUITE SUCCESSFUL TO BE ABLE TO GET CIVILIANS OUT TO THE FIELD BUT NOT A MODEL FOR DOING DEVELOPMENT OR CHANGING ENVIRONMENT OF THE CROWN DOW'S ONE COMMANDER AND BRIGADE COMMANDER IN AFGHANISTAN TOLD ME. HE SAID THE DO DEVELOPMENT BY OPPORTUNITY WE SEE A WELL THAT NEEDS TO BE FIXED AND WE FIX IT BUT THAT IS NOT A STRATEGIC APPROACH. IN ORDER TO FUNCTION CUT WILL BE ABSOLUTELY CRITICAL IS TO BE ABLE TO RAISE THE NUMBER OF CIVILIANS AVAILABLE FOR THE PRT TO COORDINATE WITH LOCAL OFFICIALS HAVE DEVELOPED LOCAL STRATEGY'S AND BRING IN BEHIND THEM NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS AND CONTRACTORS. THE INTENT IS ABSOLUTELY THE RIGHT ONE TO DEVELOP THOSE CAPABILITIES. THE CAPACITY STILL IS MISSING. SECOND, COORDINATION BETWEEN MILITARY AND CIVILIANS AND WHO HAS THE LEAD WITH DIFFERENT CIRCUMSTANCES. THIS IS OFTEN A TRICKY SITUATION BECAUSE YOU DON'T USUALLY GET A COMPLETE LEAVES EVEN THE SECURITY SITUATION ACROSS THE COUNTRY. YOU HAVE TO MAKE JUDGMENTS ON WHERE THE MILITARY WILL LEAD AND WHERE CIVILIANS LEAD. IN ORDER TO DO THAT YOU HAVE TO HAVE CIVILIANS ON THE GROUND. RIGHT NOW WE DON'T HAVE SUFFICIENT TO BILLIONS ON THE GROUND IN PROVINCIAL AREAS TO MANAGE A TRADE OFFS AND A SOPHISTICATED WAY AS WOULD BE IDEAL. ANOTHER AREA WHERE THERE IS A GAP IS BETWEEN THE UNDERSTANDING ON THE PART OF THE MILITARY AND ON THE PART OF CIVILIANS WHERE MILITARY WOULD CALL SECURITIES SECTOR REFORM CIVILIANS WOULD CALL THE RULE OF LAW. HERE IS A PROBLEM FOR KABBALAH TERRIE WITH GENERALLY FOCUS MIDDLE UNDERSCORES, THEY WOULD GENERALLY FOCUS ON REFORM AND DEVELOPMENT OF MILITARY CAPABILITIES. CIVILIANS GENERATE OF THE RULE OF LAW SIDE OF THE COURT THERE IS A PIECE THAT GENERALLY NOBODY WANTS TO TOUCH USUALLY THE POLICE OR PENITENTIARY. INCREASINGLY THE MILITARY HAS BEEN DRAWN TO PROVIDE SUPPORT OF POLICE FORCES, NOT TO THEIR EXPERTISE. WE HAVE NO NATIONAL POLICE FORCE IN THE UNITED STATES ARE READY SOURCE OF CAPACITY TO DO THIS. OTHER COUNTRIES HAVE NATIONAL POLICE FORCE AND CAN HELP BUT INTERNATIONALLY, THE NUMBER OF AVAILABLE POLICE RESERVES IS MINUSCULE. YOU COULD USE THEM IN TWO PROVINCES OF AFGHANISTAN AND MUCH LESS THAN OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD. THE AREA OF POLICE IS A HUGE, HUGE GAP IT IS IMPORTANT FOR THE FOLLOWING REASONS BECAUSE BUILDING UP CAPACITY AND ANTI-GAY GIVEN COUNTRY WILL TAKE TIME, IT MAYBE YEARS BECAUSE NOT JUST A QUESTION OF TREATING INDIVIDUALS BY REFORMING ENTIRE POLICE FORCES BECAUSE THE INDIVIDUALS THAT ARE TRAINED NOT IN A CORRUPT ENVIRONMENT WHICH WILL UNDUE THE TRADING. TO MAKE THIS WORK REQUIRES OF THE INTERIM PERIOD THE DEPLOYMENT OF INTERNATIONAL POLICE TO FILL THAT PARTICULAR GAP. WE DON'T HAVE THAT CAPABILITY. A FINAL POINT I WILL MAKE ON THE TECHNICAL CULTURAL SIDE IS AN ISSUE REGARDING IN-STATE. THE STRATEGY RIGHT THE POINTS OUT, THE DOCTOR RIGHTLY POINTS OUT OF THE IMPORTANCE OF HAVING A CLEAR UNDERSTANDING OF THE END STATE WE ARE TRYING TO ACHIEVE. THERE IS A HUGE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE MILITARY AND CIVILIAN RULE COUNTY AND STATE IS SEEN PARTLY AS A FUNCTION OF THE ROLE WE HAVE PLAYED IN THE PAST. THE MILITARY THOUGHT THE END STAGE IS HOW YOU ACHIEVE IT WHEN YOU START TO TALK OF HOW YOU CREATE A VIABLE GOVERNMENT AND TRY TO FIGURE OUT WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT ELEMENTS OF THAT THERE IS NO SIMPLE 4 MILLION TO CREATE THE END STATE. AND THE COURSE OF THE IMPLEMENTATION THERE WILL BE AN EXTENSIVE DIALOGUE BETWEEN CIVILIANS AND THE MILITARY TO BE ABLE TO GET THAT TO FUNCTION. I HAVE USED UP MORE THAN MY TIME AND I HAVE NOT SAID ANYTHING ABOUT AFGHANISTAN SO I WILL NOT. I WILL SAY THAT FOR THE QUESTIONS AND |
| 00:37:26 | >> | . |
| 00:37:33 | >> | GOOD AFTERNOON IT IS A PLEASURE TO BE HERE. WANT TO THINK BROOKINGS AND CARLOS AND JANINE AND GENERAL CALDWELL FOR ORGANIZING THIS AND GIVING US AN EXCUSE TO TALK ABOUT AN IMPORTANT TOPIC BOSS OF TWO SEE SO MANY FRIENDS AND THE AUDIENCE I AM PLEASED TO BE ABLE TO CELEBRATE THE PUBLICATION OF THE "THE US ARMY FIELD MANUAL 3-07 STABILITY OPERATIONS" BUT ALSO ELIMINATE SOME OF THE CRITICAL ISSUE IT EXPLORES. WAS HONORED BEFORE I CAME INTO GOVERNMENT TO ASK THE FOR WORD ALONG WITH SEAN WHO IS HIDING IN THE BACK FOR THE MANUAL COMMENT TO ME, THIS ALONG WITH HIS PREDECESSOR, GOES ALONG WAY TOWARD ANSWERING ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS TO COME OUT OF THE LONG YEARS OF WAR, HOW DOES THIS END? YOU WILL RECALL GENERAL DAVID PETRAEUS IS NOW HIS FAMOUS QUESTION HE POSED DURING THE INVASION OF IRAQ, IT IS SOMETHING WE ARE FINALLY STARTING TO ANSWER COME ON I IRAQ WE HAVE SEEN THE EMERGENCE OF A BIPARTISAN CONSENSUS ON A WAY FOR. IN AFGHANISTAN AND THE ADMINISTRATION JUST RELEASED TODAY THE STRATEGIC REVIEW I WILL COMMENT ON THAT BRIEFLY LATER IN MY REMARKS. BUT WE HAVE LEARNED TO OF WHAT DO HARD EXPERIENCE, THAT THE ANSWER AS THE MANUAL STATES INVOLVES USING ALL OF THE ELEMENTS OF OUR NATIONAL POWER TO HELP DEVELOP THE NATION INTERNAL CAPACITY FOR SECURITY, A GOVERNANCE AND DEVELOPMENT. IT SOUNDS LIKE A VERY SIMPLE ANSWER BUT AS YOU KNOW, , THE DEVIL IS IN THE DETAILS. THERE IS ABSOLUTELY NOTHING SAMPLE OF STABILITY OPERATIONS. THE STRATEGIC AND OPERATIONAL, TACTICAL CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED ARE THE MOST COMPLEX THAT WE FACE. THAT IS WHY I BELIEVE 3-07 AT THIS ESSENTIALLY CALLED IN THE ARMY THAT IS WHY I AM PLEASED TO KNOW THIS EDITION IS NOT ONLY KNOWN IN THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE BUT AVAILABLE IN THE GENERAL PUBLIC TO ENHANCE OUR DIALOGUE. WHAT I'VE WANTED TO DO IN MY BRIEF REMARKS TODAY BEFORE TURNING TO AFGHANISTAN IS PLACE STABILITY OPERATIONS WITHIN A BROADER STRATEGIC COMPLEX. OUR ONGOING EXPERIENCE IN AFGHANISTAN AND IRAQ CLEARLY CONSTITUTE CASE STUDIES FOR WHY WE NEED EFFECTIVE STABILITY OPERATION DOCTRINE AND CAPABILITIES. IT IS ALSO VITAL THAT WE LOOK TO THE FUTURE AND CONSIDER HOW THE DECISIONS WE MAKE TODAY CAN ENSURE WE DEVELOP A MILITARY THAT CAN MEET THE CHALLENGES OF TOMORROW. AND GOVERNMENT CAPABILITIES THAT CAN MEET THE CHALLENGES OF TOMORROW. TO APPEAR IN TO THE FUTURE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT, SOME OF THE MOST DIFFICULT CHALLENGES WE FACE I BELIEVE WILL RESULT FROM THE CONSEQUENCES OF STAGE WEAKNESS RATHER THAN DISCLOSE A STATE STRENGTH I THINK THE U.S. MILITARY IS JUST AS LIKELY TO BE ASKED TO PREVENT WAR RATHER THAN MAKE IT AND BUILD ANOTHER NATION CAPACITY RATHER THAN TO DESTROY IT. THIS IS NOT THE TYPICAL WAY WE THINK OF USE OF FORCE OR DEPLOYMENT OF THE MILITARY. WHY DO I THINK STABILITY OPERATIONS WILL INCREASE IMPORTANCE? IT SEEMS TO BE THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM IS GOING THROUGH SOME PRETTY PROFOUND CHANGES. IF YOU THINK ABOUT THE INHERITANCE, THE DAUNTING INHERITANCE WE FACE A LONG GLOBAL STRUGGLE AGAINST VIOLENT EXTREMISM, PROLIFERATION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS OR OTHER WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION, SHIFTING BALANCE OF POWER BY CHINA, INDIA AT IS RISING AND OTHERS BEGINNING TO DECLINE, THE POTENTIAL FOR NATIONALISTIC AND AUTOCRATIC GOVERNMENTS TO EMERGE, THAN INCREASING COMPETITION FOR ENERGY RESOURCES AND STRATEGIC MINERALS AND THE POTENTIAL FOR RESOURCE COMPLEX, A CONTINUED GLOBALIZATION WHICH IS USUALLY MADE GOOD NEWS STORY BUT UN EVEN INTEGRATION. OF COURSE, AS CERTAIN ACCELERANTS OF A SYSTEM LIKE GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE WILL ONLY INCREASE OVER TIME THE PRESSURES ON THE WEAKEST STATES OF THE SYSTEM AND OUR CURRENT GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS WHICH WILL ACCELERATE SOME OF THE TRENDS AND EXACERBATE SOME OF THE CHALLENGES THAT WE FACE. THE CORE STRATEGIC CHALLENGE IN THE MIDST OF THIS IS TO MAINTAIN SOME KIND OF BALANCE AND RESILIENCE IN THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM AS IT UNDERGOES THE PROFOUND CHANGES. THEY WILL IMPACT WHAT THE MILITARY LIKES TO CALL THE OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT, WHAT THEY EXPECT TO SEE AND EXPERIENCE IF AND WHEN THEY ARE CALLED TO DEPLOY A TO DEFEND AMERICAN INTERESTS. I BELIEVE THAT OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT PREACHERS THREE COURT CHALLENGES :RISING TENSIONS, INCREASINGLY HYBRID FORM OF WARFARE, A FREQUENT THREATS ASSOCIATED WITH THE WEAKNESS OR FAILURE. FIRST, AS GLOBAL POWERS RISE MORE LIKELY TO SPEND MORE TIME AND EFFORTS MAINTAINING STABILITY IN THE GLOBAL COMMENTS A YEAR, SEE COMMENTS SPACE COME A CYBERSPACE THAT CONNECTS THE ADDITION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM. OVER TIME MANY CHALLENGES THAT WE PHASE WILL INVOLVE MAINTAINING U.S. ACCESS TO AND STABILITY IN THE GLOBAL COMMONS. THE REASON THE STATE OF PIRACY IN THE GULF OF ADEN IS ONE EXAMPLE AND CYBER ATTACKS THAT WE AND OTHER COUNTRIES EXPERIENCE IS ANOTHER. BECAUSE OF AMERICA'S CONTINUED DOMINANCE IN CONVENTIONAL FORMS OF WARFARE BEYOND COMPARE AS A RESULT FUTURE CONFLICTS ARE MORE LIKELY TO TAKE ON A HYBRID CHARACTER. FUTURE ADVERSARIES ARE MORE LIKELY TO USE ASYMMETRIC NEEDS TO COME -- COUNTER ADVANTAGES THAT MAY INCLUDE EVERYTHING FROM INSURGENT ATTACKS TO VERY HIGH END SOPHISTICATED ANTI-ACCESS WITH AERIAL STRATEGIES. THIRD OF U.S. FORCES ARE LIKELY TO BE ENGAGED IN OPERATIONS TO PREVENT YOUR RESPONSE TO PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH STATE WEAKNESS AS MUCH AS WITH STATE STRENGTH. THIS IS WHERE THE NEW DOCTRINE AND THAT CAPABILITY IT SUGGESTS OUR MOST RELEVANT. I STRONGLY BELIEVE WE NEED TO BE PREPARED FOR THESE OPERATIONS BECAUSE WE MAY ENCOUNTER SOMETHING OF A PARADOX. AS OTHER POWERS RISE AND MANY STATES REAP THE BENEFITS OF THE GLOBALIZE WORLD COME AND IS LIKELY TO HAVE PRESSURE ON OTHER STATES IT AND IN THIS SENSE GLOBALIZATION HAS A DARK SIDE. THE PROCESS MIGHT ACCELERATE THE DECLINE OF STATES FOR POOR LEADERSHIP OF ECONOMICS, JACK -- GEOGRAPHY COME ECONOMICS THAT ARE UNABLE TO ADAPT TO THE NEW ERA AND MEET THE BASIC NEEDS OF THE POPULATION WE CAN REINSTATES THE OPPOSED TO KINDS OF ACUTE CHALLENGES U.S. AND ALLIED INTERESTS. IN SOME CASES THEY WILL BECOME A CATALYST FOR THE RADICALISM AND EXTREMISM AS WE HAVE SEEN IN SOMALIA, YEMEN AND AFGHANISTAN BEFORE AND 11. -- A 9/11. OTHERS WILL BE AT RISK AND INVOLVE CREDIT CALL ASSETS AND RESOURCES THAT ARE ABSOLUTELY CRITICAL TO OUR INTEREST NIGERIA BEING ANOTHER EXAMPLE GIVEN ITS STRATEGIC RESOURCES. THERE IS NOT ONLY A STRONG HISTORICAL CASE TO IMPROVE OUR CAPACITY FOR STABILITY OPERATIONS AND NOT ONLY CURRENT OPERATIONS REQUIRING A BETTER RESPONSE IN SUPPORT OF THOSE WHO ARE DEPLOYED TODAY, BUT THE FUTURE ENVIRONMENT WILL ALSO DEMAND WE INSTITUTIONALIZE AND BETTER RESOURCE CAPABILITY FOR STABILITY OPERATION. THE SOVIET AREA I CAN ASSURE YOU THE UPCOMING QUITE FRAIL DEFENSE REVIEW OF THAT THE DEFENSE DEPARTMENT WILL CONDUCT WILL BE A MAIN FOCUS AREA FOR THAT REVIEW. FIRST OF 12 EGGO THIS EMANUEL IS NOT A STRATEGY. ONE OF THE THINGS THAT THEY COULD MISUNDERSTAND IS THE DIFFERENCE PREPARING FOR THE FULL RANGE OF CONTINGENCIES WHICH THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DOES VS. WHETHER DECIDING WHEN OR HOW TO USE FORCE WHICH IS SOMETHING ALTOGETHER DIFFERENT AND A CURFEW AS THE PRESIDENT AS COMMANDER IN CHIEF. THE THE DIFFERENCE OF OPTIONS AND MAKING DECISIONS. THAT SAID THE CHALLENGE OF BETTER PREPARING FOR STABILITY OPERATIONS RAISES AN IMPORTANT STRATEGIC ISSUE. AND SPENDING TIME THINKING ABOUT ISSUES OF GRAND STRATEGY AS THE NEW MINISTRY SHE GETS OFF THE GROUND, PARTICULARLY IN RECENT WEEKS AS WE UNDERTAKE A NUMBER OF POLICY REVIEWS COME AS WE TRY TO FORMULATE A NEW SECURITY STRATEGY IN A TROUBLED TIME, I TAKE SOLACE FROM THE FACT THAT WE AS A NATION HAVE ENCOUNTERED AND OVERCOME CHALLENGES OF THIS MAGNITUDE OF THE PAST. SOMETIMES WE FORGET HOW INCREDIBLE THE CHALLENGES WERE IN THE WAKE OF WORLD WAR II. EUROPE AND A LARGE PARTS OF ASIA LAY IN RUINS, THE GLOBAL ECONOMY HAS STAGNATED, SOUNDS FAMILIAR, THE SPECTER OF ANOTHER IDEOLOGICAL CHALLENGE WAS RISING, PROLIFERATION OF NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY RISING COME IT TOOK YEARS FOR THE STRATEGIST TO GRAPPLE AND DETERMINE THE BEST WAY FOR. BY THE END OF THE FORTIES A BIPARTISAN STRATEGY BEGAN TO EMERGE. THE CORE WAS A VERY POWERFUL IDEA THAT OUR INTEREST OF AMERICAN INTERESTS ARE DEEPLY INTERTWINED WITH THE HEALTH AND STABILITY OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM AS A WHOLE. WHILE WE ALL TEND TO THINK OF CONTAINMENT AS THE BUMPER STICKER FOR THAT ERA COME EQUALLY IMPORTANT WAS THE IDEA WAS THE FUNDAMENTAL GOAL OF CREATING AND SUSTAINING A HEALTHY INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM. I WOULD ARGUE WE CAN APPLY THE SAME LOGIC TODAY. AMERICAS CENTRIST REQUIRE A HEALTHY INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM THAT IS RESILIENT IN THE FACE OF PROFOUND ECONOMIC AND SECURITY CHALLENGES THAT ACCOMMODATES AND INTEGRATES NEW POWERS AS THEY RISE. THAT SAFEGUARDS OPEN COMMERCE AND TRADE. HOWEVER MUCH THE ENVIRONMENT HAS CHANGED FROM THE ESSENCE OF OUR INTEREST HAS REMAINED THE SAME. AMERICA HAS A LARGE ROLE IN HELPING TO MAINTAIN THE STABILITY IN IMPORTANT AREAS AND THE CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH ITS STABILITY OPERATION STRIKE AT THE CORE OF THIS AND DURING SAID OF INTEREST AND THIS MISSION. BELIEVE THE STORY OF HOW THE MILITARY HAS GRAPPLE WITH THE CHALLENGES PROVIDES A POWERFUL SET OF VALUABLE INSIGHTS. WHILE THE MANUAL IS FIRST AND FOREMOST A DOCUMENT THAT PROVIDES GUIDANCE TO THE ARMY ON HOW TO BETTER PREPARE FOR DIFFICULT CHALLENGES COME AND ALSO HELPS TO INFORM POLICY MAKERS AND THE AMERICAN PUBLIC ABOUT WHY IT IS SO IMPORTANT THAT WE. I IMPROVED INTERAGENCY CAPACITY AND PLANNING AND GUIDANCE TO COMPLEMENT THE MILITARY CAPABILITIES AND FACE AND DEFEND AMERICAN INTERESTS INSTABILITY OPERATIONS. THE 21st CENTURY CHALLENGES THAT WE FACE WILL REQUIRE NOT ONLY THE BEST OUR MILITARY CAN OFFER BUT THE TRUE HOLD GOVERNMENT APPROACH AS CARLOS MENTIONED. BUT WHOLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY APPROACHES. IT WILL REQUIRE INVESTMENT. WE HAVE TO PUT OUR MONEY WHERE OUR MOUTH IS THAT MEANS INVESTING IN THE CIVILIAN CAPACITY THAT IS NEEDED TO BE SUCCESSFUL IN THESE OPERATIONS AND MEETING THESE CRITICAL TASKS. LET ME CLOSE WITH A BRIEF WORD ON THE AFGHANS AND PAKISTAN A STRATEGY THAT WAS JUST ROLLED OUT BY THE PRESIDENT EARLIER TODAY. I WILL FOCUS SPECIFICALLY ON THE AFGHAN DIMENSION OF THIS STRATEGY ALTHOUGH IT OF ITSELF LOOKS AT THIS IN A VERY INTEGRATED WAY. AND AFGHANISTAN, THIS ADMINISTRATION IS COMMITTED TO REFOCUSING OUR OPERATIONS TO ACHIEVE A VERY CLEAR AND COLLOR GOAL OF DISRUPTING DISMANTLING DEFEATING OUTCRY THAT AND TO ENSURE THAT AFGHANISTAN DOES NOT RETURN TO BEING A SAFE HAVEN FOR TERRORISTS FOR ACHIEVING THAT GOAL IS VITAL TO AMERICAN INTEREST IN PREVENTING FUTURE ATTACKS ON THE AMERICAN PEOPLE, OUR HOMELAND AND ALLIES. FOR SEVERAL YEARS OUR COMMANDERS ON THE GROUND HAVE NOT BEEN GIVEN ALL OF THE RESOURCES THEY NEED TO DEFEAT THE INSURGENCY AND ADDRESS THE CONDITION THAT HAS ENABLED IT TO FASTER. AFGHANISTAN WAS AN ECONOMY OF FORCE COMMISSION AS THE STRATEGIC FOCUS SHIFTED TO IRAQ. IT IS TIME FOR A NEW STRATEGY AND RENEWED COMMITMENT FOR THE WEST ALONG WITH THE AFGHAN PARTNERS AND INTERNATIONALIZE WILLFULLY RESOURCE AND INTEGRATED COUNTERINSURGENCY STRATEGY DESIGNED TO DO THREE CORE THINGS. FIRST-COME REVERSED THE TALIBAN GAINS AND SECURE THE POPULATION IN THE MOST TROUBLE AREAS PARTICULARLY THE SOUTH AND EAST. SECOND COMER. I AFGHAN NATIONAL SECURITY FORCES ARMY AND POLICE WITH THE TRAINING AND MENTORING THEY NEED TO EXPAND RAPIDLY AND TAKE THE LEAD TO. I FOR THE SECURITY OF THEIR COUNTRY. THIRD PROVIDING A SECURE ENVIRONMENT WHICH GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS CAN TAKE ROOT AND GROW AND LEAD TO A MUCH MORE SELF-RELIANT AFGHANISTAN. ONE OF THE MOST CRITICAL ELEMENTS OF THE STRATEGY IS TO BUILD THE CAPACITY OF THE AFGHAN NATIONAL SECURITY FORCES. PRESIDENT OBAMA HAS ALREADY ORDERED MORE THAN 17,000 ADDITIONAL TROOPS TO THE COUNTRY AND JUST YESTERDAY ANNOUNCED THE APPOINTMENT OF 4,000 MORE TROOPS FOCUSED ON THE TRAINING OF THE ANSF. WE ALSO EXPECT ALLIES WILL COMMIT THEIR COMMITMENTS AS WELL AS WE HEAD INTO THE SUMMIT. MILITARY FORCES ON THE GROUND WILL BOTH BE PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT AND TRAINING MENTORING ANSF SO THEY CAN EVENTUALLY TAKE THE LEAD FOR SECURITY BUT BEYOND THE STRENGTH AND MILITARY COMMISSIONS AND CIVILIAN ASSISTANCE AND BETTER INTEGRATING THE CIVILIAN AND MILITARY EFFORTS WILL BE CRITICAL TO SUCCESS. HERE JUST TO UNDERSCORE THE MESSAGE FROM CARLOS COME OF THE CANNOT REALIZE THE POTENTIAL OF THE STRATEGY WITHOUT REAL INVESTMENT IN CIVILIAN CAPACITY. NOT ONLY THE U.S. GOVERNMENT WE NEED TO ASK OUR ALLIES TO PROVIDE THE BEST CIVILIAN EXPERTS AND GO BEYOND GOVERNMENT RESOURCES TO ENGAGE THE PRIVATE SECTOR AS WELL. DEFEATING THE INSURGENCY WILL ALSO REQUIRE BREAKING THE LINK BETWEEN THE NARCOTICS AND THE INSURGENCY BY NARCOTICS EFFORTS, SUPPORTING THE AFGHAN LED EFFORTS TOWARD RECONCILIATION THAT WILL BRING INSURGENT FOOT SOLDIERS AND DID LEAVE FAULT -- MIDLEVEL LEADERS THAT WILL STOP SUPPORT FOR THE TALIBAN AND AL QAEDA AND COMBATING CORRUPTION AT ALL LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT TO STRENGTHEN THE LEGITIMACY OF THE AFGHAN INSTITUTION IN THE EYES OF THE AFGHAN PEOPLE. THE REVIEW THAT WE HAVE JUST CONDUCTED OFFERS NOT ONLY A REFOCUSED STRATEGY BASED ON CORE AMERICAN INTERESTS AND OBJECTIVES BUT ALSO A COMMITMENT TO PROVIDE COALITION COMMANDERS AND CIVILIANS ON THE GROUND WITH THE RESOURCES THEY NEED TO EXECUTE. THIS STRATEGY REQUIRES MOBILIZING NOT ONLY DOMESTIC SUPPORT AT HOME BUT ALSO GREATER INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT FOR OUR EFFORTS. YOU WILL SEE THE ADMINISTRATION FANNED OUT AND THE COMING WEEKS ACROSS THE GLOBE TO ENGAGE ALLIES AND PARTNERS TO GET AS MUCH OF THAT SUPPORT AS POSSIBLE. THIS IS NOT JUST AMERICA'S FOUR, DEFEATING AL QAEDA AND THE EXTREMIST ALLIES IS A GOAL AND A RESPONSIBILITY OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE AND SOMETHING WE ALL MUST DO TOGETHER. AND WANT TO END WHERE I STARTED WITH GENERAL PETRAEUS QUESTION OF HOW? THIS IS A QUESTION THAT SHOULD HAUNT POLICY MAKERS AND IT DOES AND KEEPS ME UP AT NIGHT. BECAUSE IN THIS COUNTRY CIVILIANS ARE THE ONES WHO ASK THOSE IN UNIFORM AND THEIR FAMILIES TO RISK AND SACRIFICE. I SEE GENERAL PETRAEUS QUESTION AS MORE OF A CHALLENGE TO DO RIGHT BY THOSE WHO WE ASKED TO SERVE BOTH UNIFORMED AND CIVILIANS. WE AS LEADERS AS AN OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE A BETTER RESPONSE AND A BETTER TOOLBOX THEN WE HAVE IN THE PAST. I BELIEVE THE STABILITY OPERATION MANUAL TAKES US A LONG WAY DOWN THAT ROAD TO DOING JUST THAT. LET ME CONGRATULATE THE RIGHT THING TEAM AND THANKS FOR HAVING ME TOO [APPLAUSE] |
| 00:55:36 | >> | I WOULD LIKE TO OPEN IT UP FOR QUESTIONS JUST RAISE YOUR HAND AND I WILL CALL ON A NEW. RIGHT HERE IN THE FRONT. |
| 00:55:46 | >> | THE MICROPHONES ARE COMING AROUND. |
| 00:55:48 | >> | ALSO SAY YOUR AFFILIATION AND YOUR NAME. |
| 00:55:54 | >> | CALL-IN CLARK MILITARY DOCK, GIVEN STRENGTHENING OF THE CIVILIAN INFRASTRUCTURE HOW IMPORTANT IS CREATING PETE EXPEDITIONARY EIGHT IT THAT WE USED TO HAVE? |
| 00:56:11 | >> | I THINK REALLY INVESTING THE CIVILIAN AND CAPABILITIES AND CAPACITIES OF THE U.S. GOVERNMENT AND INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY IS VERY IMPORTANT. IT IS HARD TO THINK OF AN OPERATION OR MISSION THAT DOES NOT REQUIRE NOT ONLY SUPERB MILITARY CAPABILITY BUT ALSO VERY SIGNIFICANT CIVILIAN EXPERTISE. OF MANY, MANY KINDS. I THINK THIS IS AN AREA WHERE OUR APPROACH OR FUNDING HAS NOT CAUGHT UP WITH THE REALITIES THAT WE FIND OURSELVES EVERY SINGLE DAY. I THINK IT IS AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE WAY FORWARD. |
| 00:56:55 | >> | IF I COULD JUST ADD TO THAT, THERE IS A DIMENSION TO THIS THAT SOMETIMES THE WORD EXPEDITIONARY GIVES THE WRONG IMPRESSION LIKE IT IS THE INVADING FORCE BUT THIS IS THE OPPOSITE. REASON WHY YOU NEED MUCH GREATER CIVILIAN CAPABILITY IS TO BE EFFECTIVE ON THE GROUND YOU HAVE TO WORK WITH LOCAL COUNTERPARTS. ONE OF THE THINGS UNDERSCORED IN THE MANUAL YOU ONLY SUCCEED IF THERE'S LOCAL OWNERSHIP. . . THE IRONY IS THAT THE OPPOSITE IS ACTUALLY FOR STRENGTHENING A LOCAL CAPACITY AND A LOCAL FISHING. IF YOU DON'T HAVE THAT LOCAL PRESENCE, WHAT ENDS UP HAPPENING IS YOUR VISION AND GUIDANCE COMES FROM WASHINGTON AND YOU GET MORE OF AN EXTERNAL MODEL THAT ENDS UP BEING IMPOSED IN THE LOCAL ENVIRONMENT. |
| 00:58:33 | >> | RIGHT HERE IN THE FRONT. |
| 00:58:38 | >> | LARRY WITH CNN, A QUESTION FOR UNDERSECRETARY FLOUROY. WHAT DO WE GET FOR OUR MONEY THAT WE SPEND -- SENT TO PAKISTAN ESPECIALLY IF THEY'RE INTELLIGENT SERVICES IN -- ARE GOING TO BE IN CAHOOTS WITH THE TALIBAN. IS THE MONEY BEING WELL SPENT? |
| 00:58:56 | >> | I THINK WHAT WE NEED TO WORK TOWARDS IN PAKISTAN IS A STRATEGIC SHIFT IN THEIR CAUCUS. THEY'RE RECOGNIZES THE TREMENDOUS THREATS THAT THE EXTREMISTS WITHIN THEIR OWN BORDERS POSES TO, NOT ONLY ASK, BUT TO THE PEOPLE AND THE STATE OF PAKISTAN. AND I THINK PART OF DOING THAT IS FIRST OF ALL, PROVIDING ASSISTANCE ADD A LEVEL THAT IS MEANINGFUL. BUT ALSO ENSURING THAT THEY UNDERSTAND THAT OUR ABILITY TO PROVIDE THAT ASSISTANCE DEPENDS ON SEEING CHANGES IN PASSED THE YEARS. THAT HAS NOT BEEN HELPFUL TO THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY AND HAS NOT DONE EVERYTHING THAT NEEDS TO BE DONE IN TERMS OF COMBATING THE TERRORIST THREATS AND COMBATING THE INSURGENCY. |
| 00:59:58 | >> | ALL THE WAY IN THE BACK, AND THE GRAY SUIT. I AM TRYING TO SPREAD IT OUT HERE. |
| 01:00:04 | >> | HELLO COURTNEY FROM NBC, IF I COULD FOLLOW UP ON THAT QUESTION FROM LARRY. YOU SAID, MR. FLOUROY TO PROVIDE ASSISTANCE AT A LEVEL THAT IS MEANINGFUL, WHAT DOES THAT MEAN? COULD YOU EXPAND ON THAT. AND I ALSO WANT TO ASK YOU WENT BACK SEVERAL TIMES IN YOUR COMMENTS TO HOW DOES THIS END. MILITARY ANALYSTS SAY THIS AFGHAN STRATEGY IS REALLY LOWERING EXPECTATIONS IN -- THAT THE U.S. AND COALITION COULD WIN IN AFGHANISTAN. WOULD YOU SAY TO THE CRITICISM. |
| 01:00:35 | >> | ON THE QUESTION OF ASSISTANCE TO PAKISTAN, THE PRESIDENT, THIS MORNING, CALLED ON CONGRESS TO SUPPORT LEGISLATION THAT SENATOR KERRY AND SENATOR LUGAR HAVE INTRODUCED OR WILL INTRODUCE THAT WILL PROVIDE $1.5 BILLION PER YEAR OVER FIVE YEARS OF ASSISTANCE FOR PAKISTAN. TESTON REALLY HELPING THEM TO DEVELOP FROM THE BOTTOM UP KEY ECONOMIC AND GOVERNMENTS INSTITUTIONS AND CAPACITIES. AND, IN ADDITION, THERE IS A MILITARY ASSISTANCE THAT WILL BE IMPOSED TO CONDUCT COUNTERINSURGENCY AND COUNTER-TERRORISM OPERATIONS. SO THIS IS A PART OF THE STRATEGY THAT WILL BE DEVELOPED AND IMPLEMENTED OVER TIME. AND, I AM SORRY THE SECOND PART OF YOUR QUESTION? |
| 01:01:36 | >> | HE MENTIONED SEVERAL TIMES ABOUT HOW DOES THIS END AND WITH AFGHANISTAN SOME OF THE CREDIT DESK CURTISES IS IT LOWERS EXPECTATIONS AND TALKS ABOUT HOW WE CAN'T WIN. |
| 01:01:50 | >> | I THINK THAT IS A MISUNDERSTANDING I DON'T THINK WE HAVE LOWERED OUR SIGHTS OR EXPECTATIONS. WHAT WE HAVE DONE IS REFOCUS. REFOCUSED ON WHY WE ARE THERE. AND WE HAVE BEEN ARTICULATED OUR COURSE OBJECTIVES IN OUR COURT INTEREST IN A MORE DEFINED STRATEGY FOR HOW DO WE ACTUALLY TURNED THE TIDE AND BEGIN TO MAKE PROGRESS. AND HOW TO REBUILD AFGHAN CAPACITY TO MOVE TOWARDS A MORE SELF RELIANT STATE. |
| 01:02:30 | >> | THANK YOU, JOHANNA FROM STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES. THANK YOU FOR EXCELLENT PRESENTATIONS. I ONCE TO TOUCH ON A POINT THAT YOU RAISED ABOUT USING MILITARY AS A TOOL OF PREVENTION IN THE FUTURE AND HOW THIS MANUAL WOULD SUPPORT IT. A USUALLY MEANS SUSTAINED PRESENCE OR PARTNERSHIPS WITH INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY WHO HAVE FOOT SOLDIERS, MEN AND WOMEN ON THE GROUND. AND I WONDERED IF IN THINKING ABOUT THIS, HAVE REALLY GOT MORE SPECIFIC ABOUT THIS, I THINK VERY IMPORTANT AND INNOVATIVE COMPONENT OF THE MANUAL. THEY DO. |
| 01:03:08 | >> | I THINK ONE OF THE KEY THINGS WITH 88 IS MOST PEOPLE THINK ABOUT IT IN TERMS OF WE HAVE CONDUCTED MILITARY OPERATIONS AND THEN GO INTO STABILITY OPERATIONS. OVER A YEAR AGO GENERAL CASEY, CHIEF OF THE ARMY INSTRUCTED US TO MOVE THE STILL THE OPERATIONS UP TO EQUAL WITH OFFENSE AND DEFENSE. HE SAID WE HAVE AN INCREDIBLE DESTRUCTIVE AND CREDIBILITY WITH THE UNITED STATES MILITARY IN THE ARMY BUT WE NEED TO ADD A CONSTRUCTIVE PEACE THAT IS EQUALLY AS AWESOME AND COMPLEMENT'S JUST AS WELL BOBBY COULD DO DESTRUCTIVELY. ABOUT ONE YEAR AGO WE PUBLISHED OUR OPERATIONS MANUAL WHICH RECOGNIZED THAT AND CODIFIED THAT INTO THE WAY THE LOOK AND APPROACH THINGS. HINDU AND NOT THAT LED TO THE NEXT MANUAL BECAUSE THERE ARE TIMES WHEN IN FACT, WE WANT TO BE PREVENTATIVE, WE WANT TO RECOGNIZE THAT THE U.S. GOVERNMENT MAY USE THE MILITARY IN A PREVENTIVE ROLE TO PRECLUDE ANY TYPE OF MILITARY ENFORCEMENT OF HAVING TO BE EMPLOYED IN ANY KIND OF NUMBERS BUT WE HAD UNIQUE CAPABILITIES AND ASSETS THAT WE COULD WORK IN HARMONY WITH U.S. GOVERNMENT, INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS AND FRIENDS, NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS THAT COULD OPERATE IN AREAS IN SUPPORT OF OUR U.S. NATIONAL GOVERNMENT. POLICIES, THAT DON'T HAVE TO BE AS A PART OF MILITARY OPERATION IN EFFECT DO HOPE THIS TO BE USED THAT WAY. BUT THEN, OF COURSE WE ALSO HAVE THE CAPABILITIES AS WE ARE SAYING WE NOW, TODAY IN AFGHANISTAN, IRAQ, WHERE WE DO WANT TO RAISE THE IMPORTANCE OF STABILITY OPERATIONS. OUT. THERE IS THE MUGABE HAVE DISCUSSIONS WITH COMMANDERS ON THE GROUND AND THEY IN FACT WILL TELL YOU THAT TRALEE, PROBABLY 70-80% OF WHAT THEY DO ON THE GROUND IS NOT A DESTRUCTIVE PIECE AS YOU THINK ABOUT IN TERMS OF MILITARY THAT IT IS THE EXACT OPPOSITE THEY SPEND THEIR TIME AND EFFORT AND ENERGY IS HELPING TO PROVIDE A MORE SAFE AND SECURE ENVIRONMENT FOR THE PEOPLE SO THAT THE RULE OF LAW AND JUSTICE TAKES PLACE AND WE COULD FIND PEOPLE ABLE TO LIVE IN A MUCH MORE PEACEFUL ENVIRONMENT. |
| 01:05:18 | >> | I ALSO THINK IN THE CONTEXT OF WRITING THE MANUAL, THIS IS ONE OF THOSE TERMINOLOGY ISSUES THAT CAME UP OFTEN AMONG, WE HAVE PEOPLE FROM THE DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY DIPLOMACY COMMUNITY AND DEFENSE COMMUNITY. WHAT SOME WOULD CALL CONFLICT PREVENTION SOME SAY THAT IS DIPLOMACY AND OTHERS WITH SAID THAT ITS DEVELOPMENT. AND WHAT I THINK WE ARE TRYING TO GET TOWARDS IN THE MANUAL AND HOW TO IS WHAT DOES IT MEAN WHEN WE SAY MILITARY IS AN ENABLER TO THOSE SORTS OF LONGER-TERM RELATIONSHIP BUILDINGS STRATEGY'S THAT YOU HAVE EITHER BILATERALLY OR IN A REGIONAL SENSE SOME MILITARY TO MILITARY ENGAGEMENTS AND THOSE THINGS BUT IF THE MILITARY IS PREVENTING OUT IN SOME AREA BY ITSELF, AND THAT IS NOT THE POINT IS IT WILL GOVERNMENT APPROACH AND I THINK THE MANTLE IS AGAIN, NOT GETTING CLOSER TO THAT AND I THINK THE PROCESS BEING ALMOST AS IMPORTANT AS THE ACTUAL PRODUCT ITSELF IF NOT MORE SO, THOSE DISCUSSIONS THAT ARE NOW HAPPENING ACROSS THIS COMMUNITY IS REALLY, REALLY IMPORTANT. |
| 01:06:23 | >> | THE OTHER THING AND -- A CRITICAL YET TO RECOGNIZE ANYTHING DONE IN THE MILITARY SIDE AND PREVENTION IS PRESUMED AN INVITATION. YOU ARE NOT GOING IN AND IMPOSING YOURSELF. SO EITHER THE HOST COUNTRY HAS TO SAY WE NEED HELP, DEALING WITH A SPECIFIC KIND OF PROBLEM, OR THAT THERE IS SOME FORM OF INTERNATIONAL MANDATE THAT CALLS FOR THAT TO HAPPEN. AND, THIS IS STILL AN AREA THAT NEEDS TO BE ELABORATED AND DEVELOP FURTHER BECAUSE SIMPLY TRANSLATED PREVENTION INTO ACTIVITY COULD AT TIMES BE CONSIDERED PREEMPTION WHICH, AS WE ALL KNOW, IS IN SOME CIRCUMSTANCES ACTUALLY GOING TO BE A SOURCE OF CONFLICT RATHER THAN DIMINISHING CONFLICT. IT IS AN EXTRAORDINARILY SENSITIVE ISSUE THAT HAS TO BE DEALT WITH. |
| 01:07:11 | >> | CLARIFICATION IS EXACTLY RIGHT. |
| 01:07:15 | >> | PEAK WITH BROOKINGS THANK YOU FOR A REALLY GREAT PRESENTATION. A THREAT THAT CONNECTED ALL OF THEM WAS A QUESTION OF CIVILIAN CAPACITY AND I WANTED TO PULL ON MUSTARD A LITTLE BIT MORE. CARLOS, YOU RAISED THE PROBLEM OF CIVILIAN RESPONSE CORPORATION REALLY ONLY HAS TO WONDER IF THE PROP -- PEOPLE RIGHT NOW WE HAVE UNFUNDED THE CIVILIAN ELEMENT TO IT. WHERE DO YOU SEE THIS HEADED PARTICULARLY GIVEN THAT THE PRESIDENT WHEN HE WAS RUNNING MADE A PROMISE TO EXPAND THAT AT 25,000. AND ON THE DEPARTMENT OF ARMY SIDE OF THIS, I WANT TO ASK, AT THE CIVILIAN CAPACITY IS THAT ALSO IS SOMETHING THAT COULD BE BUILT WITHIN THE DEPARTMENT OF ARMY AS WELL AND THAT WE HAVE A HISTORY OF USING DEPARTMENT OF ARMY CIVILIANS AND DIPLOMATS GO BACK TO SUCH AS 1898 AND ALSO DURING VIETNAM. IS THAT IN AREA WHERE WE SHOULD LOOK TO NGO AND OTHER AGENCIES, BUT MAY BE WITHIN THE STRUCTURE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ARMY ITSELF? THANK YOU. |
| 01:08:17 | >> | I THINK, ONE THING THAT YOU HEARD FROM ALL OF US UP HERE SUGGESTED IS THERE NEEDS TO BE A SIGNIFICANT CAPACITY ON THE CIVILIAN SIDE BECAUSE IN THE END WHAT IT IS TALKING ABOUT IS HELPING STATES AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR WITH ESTATES AND NON-GOVERNMENTAL SECTORS WITHIN THE STATES THEY HAVE THE CAPACITY TO BE ABLE TO ADDRESS THE NEEDS OF THE CITIZENS OF THE COUNTRY AND IN SOME DEFENDANT WOULD HAVE TO BE ALLOWED TO DO THAT. AND THAT IS A PROCESS OF BUILDING UP CAPABILITY THAT IS NOT A MILITARY BUDGET, MILITARY FUNCTION IS USUALLY BREAK THINGS DOWN. AND, SO, IF YOU ASK THE QUESTION WHERE ARE THOSE CAPABILITIES IN OUR OWN SOCIETY, THIS DEBATE -- TO BUILD THESE ARE ON THE SIDE OF GOVERNMENT WE DON'T DO THE BUILD OF SIDE OF WHAT HAPPENS INTERNALLY WITHIN THE UNITED STATES. IT IS IMPORTANT FOR US TO THANK COMPARABLY IN OTHER PLACES AND ALSO IMPORTANT FOR US TO RECOGNIZE THAT THE PRINCIPLE OF CIVILIAN CONTROL AND MILITARY IS SOMETHING WHICH IS HERE IN THE UNITED STATES. AND IT IS THE PHASE THAT WE HAVE INTERNATIONAL THE IS THAT THE MILITARY BECOMES THE FRONT LINE OF OUR DIPLOMACY AND DEVELOPMENT. THAT IS GOING TO HAVE SIGNIFICANT CONSEQUENCES AS WELL. SO, THE CIVILIAN, MILITARY PART OF OUR OVERALL GOVERNMENT CAPACITY IS IMPORTANT, IT IS CRITICAL IN THIS PARTICULAR THE IS CENTRAL ROLE ON THE DEFENSE SIDE IN TRADITIONAL SECURITY ENVIRONMENTS, IT MAY BE CALLED UPON, IS CALLED UPON TO REACH TO THE POINT OF AN UNDERTAKING OF CERTAIN HUMANITARIAN ACTIVITIES. BUT WE ALSO, I THINK HAVE TO UNDERSTAND THE LIMITS OF THAT. IF WE KEEP PUSHING IT FURTHER, IN EFFECT BUT WE WOULD BE CALLING UPON IS FOR THE MILITARY TO DEVELOP SKILLS AND CAPABILITIES THAT ARE IN EFFECT IN COMPETITION WITH CIVILIAN PARTS OF GOVERNMENT WHICH WOULD BE DETRIMENTAL. I DON'T THINK THE MILITARY WANTS TO DO. SO WHAT IF FORCES US TO DO THAT IS TO ASK A QUESTION IF WE ARE SERIOUS ABOUT THIS THAT ARE WE GOING TO INVEST IN CIVILIAN FORCE OF GOVERNMENT TO BE ABLE TO DO THIS AND WILL REQUIRE INVESTMENTS AT A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT LEVELS. ONE IS SHEER NUMBERS OF THE CAPACITY THAT YOU HAVE IT IN THE FOREIGN SERVICE OF THE GOVERNMENT STATE DEPARTMENT, USAID, PARTICULAR. U.S. AID IS DOWN AT ABOUT 1,000 SERVICE OFFICERS I SERVED IN U.S. AID IN MY CAREER AND JOINED IN 1983 THERE ARE ABOUT 35 FOREIGN OFFICERS BEFORE THAT, THEREFORE PROBABLY SIX TIMES THAT FOR IN THE AREA -- ERA OF VIETNAM NOT REALLY A GOOD BASE FOR COMPARISON BUT THE BASIC POINT IS THOSE NUMBERS HAVE COME DOWN RADICALLY. THE STATE DEPARTMENT FOREIGN SERVICE IS SOMEWHERE ON THE ORDER OF ABOUT 6500 PEOPLE. IF YOU LOOK AT THAT, AND ITS DEPLOYMENTS AROUND THE WORLD, IT HAS ALREADY SPREAD CENTS. AND ONE MIGHT EVEN TALK ABOUT A NECESSITY OF DOUBLING THE SIZE OF FOREIGN SERVICE TO ACTUALLY CREATE THE BASE REQUIREMENT THAT IS NECESSARY TO UNDERTAKE OUR ACTIVITIES UNDERSEA -- OVERSEAS. AND IF YOU BUILD UP THE BASIC REASON CREDIT CAPACITY TO BE ABOUT TO DRAW INDIVIDUALS WITH SKILLS INTO SPECIFIC MISSIONS AND FUNCTIONS. AND THAT THEN SETS THE CONTEXT FOR WHEN, SAY CIVILIAN RESPONSE CORPORATION, A GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO COULD BE THE FIRST PLAYERS TO AN ENVIRONMENT MAKES SENSE. IT MAKES SENSE IF THEY COULD CREATE THAT INITIAL PRESENCE AND THEN YOU COULD BRING IN OTHERS THAT ESTABLISH A MORE NORMAL OPERATING ENVIRONMENT. YOU NEED BOTH TO BE ABLE TO DO THAT. IT MAKES SENSE IF YOU COULD THEN DRAW, BEHIND IT, THOSE THAT ARE ACTUALLY IMPLEMENTING PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES SUCH AS THROUGH A CIVILIAN RESERVE THAT IS MUCH MORE EXTENSIVE ON POLICE AND POLICE TRAINERS AND RULE OF LAW EXPERTS. WHERE YOU COULD DRAW IN MORE EXTENSIVELY NGO AND CONTRACTORS THAT BEEN HERE, BUT ALSO RECOGNIZE THE LIMITATIONS THAT ARE CURRENTLY EXISTING. MOST OF THE CONTRACTS ARE CONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS BETWEEN U.S. GOVERNMENT AND THOSE CONTRACTORS AND NGO IT IS ALMOST PRECLUDED TO ACTUALLY PUT INTO THE CAPITAL TO ALLOW THEM TO TRAIN AND BE READY FOR DEPLOYMENT. IT IS SEEN AS A CONTINGENCY FUND WHICH HAS GENERALLY BEEN REJECTED BY THE U.S. CONGRESS. SO IT REQUIRES A CHANGE IN HOW WE HANDLE THOSE CONTRACTING OPERATIONS AS WELL. SO, IT IS POSSIBLE TO DO THIS. WE KNOW THAT THE PIECES NEED TO BE FIXED. WE KNOW THE GENERAL AMOUNTS THAT ARE REQUIRED IN ORDER TO DO IT AND ONE THING THAT I WOULD LIKE IS A PARTICULAR-4 PARTICULAR DANGER IS IF WE DECIDE IT IS TOO HARD TO DO THIS THROUGH THE CIVILIAN PARTS OF GOVERNMENT BECAUSE IT IS EASIER TO GET AN APPROPRIATION TO THE MILITARY, WE ARE SETTING A DANGEROUS PRECEDENT BECAUSE NUMBER ONE WE ARE IN EFFECT CREATING A COMPETITION BETWEEN MILITARY AND CIVILIAN PARTS OF GOVERNMENT FOR EXACTLY THE SAME SKILL AREAS AND SECONDLY WE CREATE THE THREAT OF ESTABLISHING OF A MILITARY DAYS OF GOVERNMENT A FUNCTION THAT IS FUNDAMENTALLY CIVILIAN IN NATURE AND UNDERMINES BASIC PRINCIPLE THAT WE HAVE HAD HERE IN THE UNITED STATES WHICH IS THE CIVILIAN CONTROLLED AREA. |
| 01:13:12 | >> | IF I COULD PUT A FINAL POINT ON THIS ISSUE. YOU PUT IT IN CONCRETE TERMS. THE STRATEGY THAT WE HAVE OUTLINED FOR AFGHANISTAN REQUIRES A SUBSTANTIAL INVESTMENT OR AT LEAST A DOWN PAYMENT ON THE KIND OF CIVILIAN CAPACITY THE WE HAVE BEEN TALKING ABOUT HERE TODAY. THE FIRST TEST WILL BE AS THE ADMINISTRATION SUBMITS A SUPPLEMENTAL REQUEST IN 2009, THAT WILL INCLUDE A SUBSTANTIAL REQUEST FOR RESOURCES ON THE CIVILIAN SIDE, FOR EXPERTISE THAT IS ABSOLUTELY CRITICAL TO SUCCEED IN AFGHANISTAN. THIS WILL BE AN IMPORTANT OPPORTUNITY AND AN IMPORTANT CHALLENGE TO HELP CONGRESS DO THE RIGHT THING AND HELP START TO INVEST IN THESE CAPABILITIES. BECAUSE, THERE IS NO MORE, THIS IS REALLY AN IMMEDIATE, CRITICAL NEED FOR A MISSION THAT INVOLVES A LOT OF U.S. INTEREST. SO, I AM HOPING THAT THIS WILL BEGIN TO GET OFF THE GROUND AS WE GO FORWARD. |
| 01:14:26 | >> | I THINK YOU'LL SEE IN THE MANUAL WE TALK ABOUT THE NEED FOR A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH. AGAIN, MILITARY HAS AND IT INCREDIBLE CAPABILITY AND AT THE CORE MISSION OF WHAT WE EXIST FOR, WE SHOULD NOT LOSE THAT. AND WHENEVER WE INCREASED THE CIVILIAN CAPACITY TO WORK IN A COMPREHENSIVE MANNER WITH US, THAT IS WHAT WE WOULD PREFER TO DO. THE MILITARY REALLY IS NOT INTERESTED IN TAKING ON ANY CIVILIAN FUNCTIONS AND CAPABILITIES. RATHER AUGMENT THEM AS REQUIRED SO THAT THEY COULD BE MUCH MORE EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT AND WHAT THEY ARE TRYING TO ACHIEVE. SO, THE SHORT ANSWER TO THE QUESTION IS, I THINK YOU WOULD FIND MOST OF US WANTING TO SEE AN INCREASE IN THE CIVILIAN CAPABILITY AND CAPACITY SO THAT THEY COULD IN FACT, BE IN GREATER NUMBERS OUT THERE SO THAT WE CAN OPERATE AND WORK IN A COMPREHENSIVE MANNER. BECAUSE THAT IS WHAT IT IS GOING TO TAKE. AGAIN, THE MILITARY IS NECESSARY, BUT IT IS NOT SUFFICIENT. |
| 01:15:30 | >> | OVER HERE ON THE LEFT, YES. |
| 01:15:34 | >> | THIS IS FORD GENERAL. YOU TALK ABOUT DEVELOPING NEW LEADERS THAT OPERATE EFFECTIVELY IN THESE CHANGING ENVIRONMENTS. THE FIRST QUESTION IS BUT IN THE MILITARY, HOW COULD YOU CHANGE THE PERSONNEL SYSTEM TO REWARD AND PROMOTE EDUCATE, THESE PEOPLE AND THEN FOR THE OF THE PANELIST, HOW WOULD YOU EXTEND THAT TO THE INNER AGENCY TO DEVELOP A NATIONAL SECURITY IMPERSONAL AND EDUCATION SYSTEM? |
| 01:15:58 | >> | I COULD, I COULD TELL YOU FROM A SMALL PERSPECTIVE, IF YOU, AND WE, THE UNITED STATES MILITARY AND CIVILIAN COUNTERPARTS HAVE TO LEARN TO EDUCATE AND TRAIN TOGETHER THROUGH OUT OUR CAREERS. THIS HAS TO BE A CONTINUAL THING. A YEAR AND A HALF AGO WHEN I ARRIVED AT FORT LEAVENWORTH AND LOOKED AT OUR EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM AT THE COLLEGE, YOU WOULDN'T FIND ANYONE FROM THEIR AGENCY TODAY WE HAVE SEVEN, THIS SUMMER WE WILL HAVE 23. EACH TIME WE DO THAT THOUGH IS A CHALLENGE FOR THE INNER AGENCY BECAUSE, THEY DON'T HAVE THE BUFFER, THE PEOPLE ALLOWED TO GO TO SCHOOLS WHERE AS WE IN THE MILITARY ACTUALLY HAVE A CERTAIN NUMBER OF PEOPLE THAT WE ALWAYS HAVE ON OUR STRUCTURE THAT ARE INTENDED TO BE IN A SCHOOL SYSTEM, EDUCATION AND TRAINING. THEY DON'T HAVE THAT. SO, WE WERE ABLE TO GET 23 PEOPLE TO COME UP THIS SUMMER FROM THE INNER AGENCY AND THEY COME FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE, FBI, USAID, FROM JUSTICE, TO PUBLIC DOES COMPLEMENT AND THAT IS CRITICAL BECAUSE THEY SPENT ONE YEAR AND EDUCATION EXPANDED THEIR CULTURE AND HOW THEY OPERATE AND UNDERSTAND I US AND WE UNDERSTAND THEM. AND WE HAVE TO, THAT NEEDS TO JUST BE THE MICROCOSM OF SOMETHING THAT IS GOING TO BE MUCH BIGGER IN THE FUTURE IT DOESN'T HELP TO DO IT ADDED 20 YOUR POINT OF EVERYONE'S CHRIS. IN THESE TO TAKE PLACE THAT WE ARE DOING RIGHT NOW AND WE NEED TO SEE THEM AND WORK IN OUR TRADING ENVIRONMENT SO IN FACT, WE ARE GOING TO GO SOMEPLACE IN THE WORLD AND OPERATE TOGETHER. WE HAVE DONE THAT IN PEACETIME. WE ALWAYS SAY TRAIN AS YOU WILL FIGHT IN THE ARMY. IT IS A TIME HONORED TRADITION. YOU TRAIN AS YOU WILL FIGHT. WE NEED TO TRAIN AS WE OPERATE. AND, WE OPERATE IN A COMPREHENSIVE MANNER AND WE HAVE MANY YEARS. I MEAN YOU COULD GO BACK THROUGH HISTORY OF LIGHT YEARS WE HAVE ALWAYS DONE IT IN FOR SOME REASON WE NEGLECT THAT. AFTER THE FACT AND CAN DO THAT THIS TIME. THE INTENT OF THIS MANUAL IS TO CODIFY IT HOW IT QUICKLY IMPORTANT THAT IS SO THAT IN THE YEARS AHEAD, IF WE LOOK AT 2015, 2025 AND SEE ALL THE THREATS AND CHALLENGES THAT MICHELE LET OUT THE WILL BE OUT THERE, THEY WILL ONLY BE ALLOWED TO BE DEALT WITH AS IT IS DONE IN A COMPREHENSIVE MANNER. THE MILITARY HAS TO BE UNABLE TO ACHIEVE SOME SORT OF PEACE AND STABILITY BY ITSELF AS TO BE THE U.S. GOVERNMENT WORKING WITH OUR PARTNERS AND FRIENDS AND ALLIES AT THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY. THE PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS AND GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS AND A COLLECTIVE EFFORT. |
| 01:18:25 | >> | IF I COULD ADD TO THAT SOMETHING OF THE TALK ABOUT BEFORE IT IS CAREER INCENTIVES FOR MILITARY OFFICERS WHO TAKE ON THOSE SORT OF EXCHANGE RULES, AND THEY MAKE SURE THAT THAT THAT IS SEEN AS SOMETHING THAT IS CAREER ENHANCING AS OPPOSED TO SOMETHING THAT IS A DETRIMENT TO ONE'S CAREER. AND THE SAME ON THE CIVILIAN SIDE OF THING FROM ISLAMIC THE TALK A LITTLE BIT MORE ABOUT THE CAREER INCENTIVES FOR ACT AS THOUGH WERE GOING TO SOME OF THE SCHOOL PROGRAMS AND WHETHER OR NOT THEY NEED TO BE ADAPTED IN ORDER TO CRAIG THOSE INCENTIVES. |
| 01:19:01 | >> | WELL, I THINK GENERAL STARTED OUT IN THE RIGHT NOTE WHICH ARE THE NUMBERS AND I HATE TO KEEP COMING BACK FOR THAT BUT IT DIDN'T HAVE THE NUMBERS, YOU CAN'T DO THIS BECAUSE YOU CAN HAVE TRAINING PROGRAMS OR CROSS AGENCY EXPERIENCES THAT ARE NECESSARY TO BUILD CAPABILITIES. EVERYONE IS BASICALLY TRYING TO FIGURE OUT HOW THEY DO WITH THE NEED TO DO ON THEIR PLATES MORE. AND YOU DON'T MAKE THE PROGRESS THAT IS NECESSARY. IF YOU GET THE INCREASES IN NUMBERS I THINK WE HAVE LEARNED A NUMBER OF THING FROM MILITARY EXPERIENCE PARTICULARLY THE EXPERIENCE THAT WISING UNDER COLD WATER AND PROMOTED THE IDEA OF TRITENESS. AND MICHELE HAS WRITTEN ABOUT THIS IN A PUBLICATION THAT SHE WAS CLOSELY INVOLVED WITH COL BEYOND GOLDWATER NICHOLS. BOTH OF US WERE INVOLVED IN A PROJECT CALLED NATIONAL SECURITY REFORM PROJECT WHICH ADDRESSES SOME OF THESE ISSUES IN DETAIL. BUT THE THINGS THAT WE HAVE LEARNED IS HAVING ACROSS AGENT EXPERIENCE HELPS YOU UNDERSTAND HOW DIFFERENT BUREAUCRATIC STRUCTURES FUNCTION AND MAKE DECISIONS, WHAT ARE THEIR PRIORITIES AND IT ALLOWS YOU TO EDUCATE OTHERS ABOUT WHAT FOR EXPERIENCES AND HIS AGENCY IS. IT COMES ACROSS MIXED EXPERIENCE. THE OTHER CRITICAL THING ON GOVERNMENT PARTICULARLY WITH STATE DEPARTMENT AND TRADITIONAL DIPLOMAT IS TRAINING AND MANAGEMENT. AND IN PARTICULAR COME OF MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVES AND HOW YOU ORGANIZE BUT YOUR TIME AND RESOURCES IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SPECIFIC RESULTS BECAUSE THAT IS TRADITIONALLY NOT BEEN AT WAITLISTED DEPARTMENT OFFICERS HAVE ACTUALLY BEEN TRAINED. THE THIRD THING THAT I WOULD UNDERSCORE, AND THIS IS INHERENT IN THE COMMENT ON THE GENERAL CALDWELL MADE ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF THE TRAINING AND TRAINED ON HOW YOU WILL FIGHT. NOT JUST THE TRADITIONAL FORM OF PUTTING THE WE THINK ABOUT ON THE CIVILIAN SIDE OF GOVERNMENT OF WHAT YOU DO IN THE CLASSROOM, IT ACTUALLY IS EXERCISING THE PRINCIPLES AND ENGAGING IN SIMULATIONS AND BEING ABLE TO TEST THE IDEAS AND FIGURE OUT, THROUGH THE SIMULATIONS, WHAT WORKS AND WHAT DOESN'T WORK. WE REALLY DON'T HAVE VERY MUCH LIKE THAT. WE MINUSCULE AMOUNT DO WE EAT IN FACT ACTUALLY ENGAGE IN THAT TYPE OF TRADING. THIS IS GOING TO BE ABSOLUTELY ESSENTIAL TO BE A WILL TO WORK THROUGH THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS IN THE TRAINING MANUAL IS GOING TO BE NECESSARY THROUGH WORK THROUGH THE CULTURAL TYPES OF ISSUES. AND IT WILL BE NECESSARY TO EVEN RICHER VOCABULARY -- BOCA OF THEIR QUESTIONS SO UNLESS WE ARE ABLE TO UNDERTAKE THOSE KINDS OF TRADING ACTIVITIES THAT ARE REAL EXERCISES, WHICH WILL REQUIRED NUMBERS OF INDIVIDUALS THAT COULD BE DEDICATED TO BE ALLOWED TO DO IT, IT WILL BE VERY HARD TO ACTUALLY TRANSLATE THIS TO PEOPLE IN A WAY THAT THEY UNDERSTAND AND A PRACTICAL ON THE GROUND BASIS. |
| 01:21:44 | >> | ALL THE WAY IN THE BACK THERE. BEHIND PAUL. |
| 01:21:53 | >> | MY NAME IS CHRIS I AM FROM ARMY DEFENSE EXPORTS AND CORPORATION. MY QUESTION IS RELATED TO SECURITY FORCE ASSISTANCE AND UNDERSECRETARY FLOUROY HE TALKED ABOUT THE TROOPS DURING THE MISSION IN AFGHANISTAN AND AS I UNDERSTAND IT THAT WILL BE A BRIGADE FROM 87th AIRBORNE AND THAT IS A MODEL THAT HAS BEEN FOLLOWED IN IRAQ BECAUSE IN LARGE PART WE DON'T HAVE A CAPACITY TO DO ADVISING AS AN INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY OF THE MILITARY DO YOU ENVISION THAT BE SOMETHING THAT WILL CHANGE IN THE FUTURE AND WHAT ARE YOUR THOUGHTS ABOUT THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PERMANENT ADVISORY CAPACITY NOT JUST TO DO STAGE THREE AND FOUR INTERVENTIONS. BUT ALSO IN PHASE ZERO, SECURITY CORPORATION PETER SECURITY COOPERATION HOW YOU ENVISION THAT IN THE FUTURE. |
| 01:22:41 | >> | IT IS A REALLY IMPORTANT QUESTION BECAUSE I THINK THE MISSION OF BUILDING THE CAPACITY OF OTHER SECURITY FORCES AROUND THE WORLD ARE RESOURCE IN THAT MISSION. THAT QUESTION IS GOING TO BE WITH US FOR SOME TIME. I THINK THIS IS ONE OF MANY RELATED ISSUES THAT WE ARE GOING TO LOOK AT AND THE DEFENSE WE DO BECAUSE WE HAVE HAD, WE HAVEN'T BEEN WELL STRUCTURED TO FULL RESOURCE IS MISSION IN BOTH IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN. SO WE STRUGGLE IN AN AD HOC WAY TO FIGURE OUT HOW TO DO THAT. I THINK WE EIGHT -- WE ARE PROPOSING IN AFGHANISTAN WILL ACTUALLY GO OUT MUCH FURTHER DOWN THE ROAD TO RESOURCES IN THE OF FIGHTING AND ASSISTING TEAMS THAT ALSO RESOURCE THE PARTNERING OF STUDENTS THAT HAVE DAY-TO-DAY OPERATIONS AND REALLY HAVE AN IMPACT ON THE PROFESSIONALISM OF OUR ACTIVE PARTNERS. BUT IN TERMS OF LONGER TERM SOLUTIONS THIS IS AN AREA WHERE I DON'T THINK WE HAVE FIGURED OUT THE ANSWER YET. AND WE REALLY NEED TO TAKE A CLOSE LOOK AT ALTERNATIVES AND OPTIONS IN THE CONTEXT. |
| 01:23:54 | >> | IF I COULD ACTUALLY JUST JUMP IN ON THAT TO SOME DRIVE HO ANOTHER POINT AND THE PROMISED THAT WE JUST DID OUT WITH HERE. 4,000 PEOPLE GOING FOR PURPOSES OF TRAINING THE AFGHAN NATIONAL ARMY AND POLICE. THAT WOULD BE TWO-THIRDS OF THE ENTIRE FOREIGN SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES. THAT WOULD BE DEPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE. AND SO, IF, FOR THE POLICE, AND THE MILITARY, WE THINK THAT WE NEED THOSE KINDS OF NUMBERS AND WE NEED TO BE AMPLE TO PARTNER THEM IN A CONSISTENT PROGRAM WITH TRADING, WHAT MAKES US THINK IT IS NOT NECESSARY TO HAVE COMPARABLE SKILLS AND CAPABILITIES AND TRAINING ALL OF THOSE WHO ARE FUNCTIONING, WORKING IN THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT OR AT THE PROVINCIAL LEVEL AND PARTICULARLY AT THE PROVINCIAL LEVEL WHERE IF YOU'RE GOING TO ACHIEVE SERVICE DELIVERY AND CUT INTO THIS WEB OF DRUGS AND CORRUPTION, THAT IS THE PLACE THAT YOU ACTUALLY HAVE TO REALLY DELIVER THE RESULTS. AND THAT IS FOR THE CAPABILITIES ARE EXTRAORDINARILY WEAK ON THE PART OF THE AFGHAN GOVERNMENT. AND IT IS GOING TO TAKE A SIGNIFICANT DEPLOYMENT OF RESOURCES TO BE ABLE TO DO IT. AND ALL WE'RE TALKING ABOUT RIGHT NOW IN TERMS OF DEPLOYMENT AT A PROVINCIAL LEVEL WHETHER IT IS THE U.S. GOVERNMENT OR OTHERS WE MAY BE TALKING TENS, MAYBE TALKING HUNDREDS. AND THAT UNDERSCORES WITH THE DIFFICULTIES ARE GOING TO BE. THE PRESIDENT HAS MADE A COMMITMENT TO SEEK ADDITIONAL CIVILIAN RESOURCES AND WE HAVE MADE A COMMITMENT TO STICK THEM FROM OTHER GOVERNMENTS COULD IT GET TO REALIZE THERE IS A REAL CAPACITY GET THERE AND THAT ISSUE, MORE THAN ANY REQUIRES, I THINK MASSIVE ATTENTION BECAUSE IF WE CAN'T PROVIDE PAPER ON AFGHANISTAN IS SHOWS IT SELF. TO GET DO WITH THE CIVILIAN CAPACITY THERE IS NO SUCCESS TO THE STRATEGY AND THAT, OF THE SUCCESS OF THIS EFFORT IS EITHER GOING TO BE MADE OR WE ARE GOING TO LOSE IT. |
| 01:25:43 | >> | I WOULD JUST ADD, IN FACT IN THIS ROOM IS ONE OF THE BRIGADES THAT IS GETTING READY TO DEPLOY HERE VERY SHORTLY IN THE NEXT FEW MONTHS TO BE PART OF THIS BURGETT WE HAVE TAKEN ONE HOUR, WE HAVE TAKEN AND DESIGNATED A NEW FORMATION WHERE WE TAKE A MODULAR BRIGADE AND PUT IT THROUGH A SPECIALIZED TRAINING PROGRAM AND THEN WE ARE DEPLOYING THEM AND WE WILL START TO SEE IN THE NEXT FEW MONTHS OF THE DEPLOYMENT UP NEAR EIGHT OF THESE OVER THE NEXT YEAR. AND IN MAYBE MORE THAN WE ARE REQUIRED AS THEY DO THE INVESTMENT OVER THE STRATEGY LAID OUT THAT THERE IS AT LEAST EIGHT IN THE PIPELINE AND WE AND VIPER GOING TO DEPLOY THEM AT TO ADVISE AND ASSIST BRIGADES THEIR MISSION IS NOT TO GO OVER AND CONDUCT DESTRUCTIVE OPERATIONS BUT ADVISE AND ASSIST IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLICE AND MILITARY FORCES IN IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN. IN ONE OF THE BRIGADE COMMANDERS ARE HERE TODAY IN THIS SESSION THEY ARE LISTENING, THIS IS AN IMPORTANT THING AND THEY UNDERSTAND THEIR MINDSET THAT THEY HAVE TO HAVE ESTABLISHED IN EACH OF THE SOLDIERS. AND AS THE MODIFICATIONS TO THE FORE STRUCTURE. BUT THE OLD PROVINCE IS ENTIRELY DIFFERENT THAN WHAT IT WOULD HAVE GONE THROUGH IF WE WOULD HAVE TO DEPLOY THEM AS A COMBAT BRIGADE THEY ARE NOT COMBAT. THERE ARE IN AND BUYS AND THIS IS BRIGADE. |
| 01:27:03 | >> | A QUESTION WAY IN THE BACK. IN THE YELLOW SHIRT. |
| 01:27:12 | >> | JOHN BARRY KELLMAN NEWSWEEK. LET ME PICK CHIEF AND ASKED TWO QUESTIONS IF I MAY FIRST ABOUT NGO. IT IS CLEAR THAT THE MILITARY REALIZES -- IS A CLEAR NGO IS INVOLVED? HISTORICALLY THERE HAS BEEN A GOOD DEAL OF SUSPICION AMONG THE NGO COMMUNITY ABOUT TO CLOSE OF COLLABORATION WITH THE MILITARY FOR REASONS OF BOTH GOOD AND BAD. DO YOU SEE THIS AS BEING A PROBLEM? MY SECOND QUESTION RELATES TO THE REST OF THE MILITARY THIS IS ARMY. ARE THE OTHERS ON BOARD WITH THIS IS NOT JOINED AND THAT IS A DIFFERENT THING. I DON'T THINK THAT I HEARD A REFERENCE TO ANYBODY FOR THE MARINE CORPS FOR INSTANCE BEING INVOLVED IN THIS. CAN THINK, COME THAT SORBATE -- SERVICE REPORTS AND THE EFFORTS AND MAYBE THAT WILL BE HELPFUL FOR THESE KIND OF STABILITY OPERATIONS. |
| 01:28:16 | >> | ON THE NGO POINT, I THINK THE OVER AND -- OVERARCHING ANSWER IS A DEFENSE. WE HAD A SERIOUS COMING TO A YEARLONG PROJECT FOR THE U.S. INSTITUTE OF PEACE WHERE WE BROUGHT IN INNER ACTION AND SORT OF A CONSORTIUM OF NGO. DOES THE WORK ON ESPECIALLY HUMANITARIAN AND DISASTER AND THEY WANTED TO COME UP WITH SOME SORT OF ROLE OF THE ROADS FOR OPERATING WITH THE MILITARY ON THE GROUND AND THERE ARE A LOT OF THEM AND AN INCREASING NUMBER OF THEM THAT SAID, AND THE PRODUCT OF THAT IS AVAILABLE IN THE WEBSITE THE NGO GUIDELINES. AND IT IS GETTING WRITTEN INTO DOCTORATE I THINK WE REFERENCE THAT IN THE MANUAL. THAT SAID, THERE IS STILL A BIG DEBATE INSIDE THE NGO COMMUNITY OVER THE EXACT HUMANITARIAN SPACE AND IF WE WORK WITH THE MILITARY DO WE SACRIFICE HUMANITARIAN SPACE AND THAT DIALOGUE HAS SHIFTED OVER TIME AS THOSE NGO HAVE BEEN TARGETED WITH OR WITHOUT OPERATING WITH THE MILITARY SO I THINK THAT THIS IS A TIME OF FLUX IN TERMS OF WHICH DIRECTION IT WILL GO BUT I WOULD SAY THAT THE FINALE WE HAD A LOT MORE COOPERATION ACROSS THE BOARD AND THERE WAS, IT PART OF THE WRITING TEAM WAS IN NGO TEAM, SOME OF THE WORDS IN THE BOOK AND A BIG SECTIONS WERE WRITTEN ENTIRELY BY THE INTERACTION CONSORTIUM WITH THEM IN THE LEAGUE. AND I WILL OF A LET YOU ADJUST THE OTHER. |
| 01:29:42 | >> | THAT IS A GREAT PART BECAUSE SHE WAS ONE OF THOSE THAT HELPED BRING THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY NGO TOGETHER TO HAVE DIALOGUE WITH US. WE ALONE COULD NOT HAVE DONE THAT A YEAR AND A HALF AGO. WE COULD HAVE BROUGHT EVERYBODY TO THE TABLE. BUT THROUGH HER PAST A JOB THAT SHE HAD ALONG WITH, YOU KNOW, IF YOU OTHERS THEY WERE ABLE TO BRING A LOT OF THEM TOGETHER AND WHAT WE HAVE FOUND IS, AGAIN I MENTIONED IN THIS IDEA OF C2 WE THINK OF COMMAND AND CONTROL AND WHAT WE HAVE REALLY COME TO APPRECIATE AND UNDERSTAND IS THIS IS GOOD TO BE ABOUT C3, THE COLLABORATION AND COORDINATION AND COOPERATION AMONGST ALL OF US TRYING TO ACHIEVE AN ULTIMATE GOAL OF PROVIDING A SAFE AND SECURE ENVIRONMENT FOR THOSE PEOPLE WHEREVER WE HAVE BEEN ASKED TO GO AND PROVIDE ASSISTANCE OR HAVE A PRESENCE. THE TRANSPARENCY AND OPENNESS WAS VERY BIG. BUT WHAT YOU WILL SEE IF YOU COME OUT TO FORT LEAVENWORTH IN THE LAST YEAR THE NUMBER OF ENERGY OF THAT HAVE COME IN AND ENGAGE WITH OUR STUDENTS TO, FOR MANY OF THEM SAW THEM IN IRAQ OR AFGHANISTAN BUT NOW THEY SEE THEM IN AN EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IT IS INVALUABLE. WE ALSO INVITED THEM AND YOU'LL SEE LIKE ICRC COMES OUT AND PARTICIPATES IN EVERY SINGLE EXERCISE AND ACTUALLY TEACHES KOSES OF WHAT THEY WANT TO TEACH TO OUR SOLDIERS SO THEY UNDERSTAND WHAT THE ICRC DOES AND WHAT IT WILL NOT DO. STILL THAT WHEN THEY GET INTO PETER THEY HAVE A MUCH BETTER APPRECIATION FOR WHAT THE IMPORTANCE OF EACH OF THESE ORGANIZATIONS. BECAUSE IT IS A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH THAT WE HAVE TO TAKE IN FINDING SOLUTIONS TO WHERE EVER WE ARE GOING TO MAKE A DECISION TO COMMEND OR DEPLOYED AMERICAN FORCES. SO, THAT IS A BIG PIECE AND I WOULD TELL YOU ON THE MANUAL ITSELF, THERE IS NOT ANOTHER MANUAL THAT HAS EVER BEEN WRITTEN AND IS MORE COORDINATED ACROSS ALL THE SERVICES OR PARTNERS, THE INNER AGENCY AND THIS ONE RIGHT HERE. IT IS TRULY A MODEL FOR HOW TO MOVE FORWARD. CARLA'S PART OF A GREAT POINT ABOUT NOW LET'S EVEN INCORPORATE MORE OF OUR INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS NEXT TIME AND HE IS EXACTLY RIGHT WE NEED TO DO THAT. THE DAYS WHEN WE WRITE IN ARMY MANUAL AND ARMY PERSONNEL FOR THE USE OF THE ARMY ARE GONE BECAUSE WE WILL NEVER OPERATE THAT WAY. SO WHY DO WE WRITE A MANUAL THAT WAY? AND SO THAT IS WHAT REALLY STRUCK US. THE MANUAL WAS THE FIRST TO BREAK THE MOLD AND IN THIS ONE HERE LIKE WE SAID, WE LITERALLY HAD STEVE WHO IS IN THE BACK THERE, ONE MILITARY OFFICER FULL TIME DEDICATED TO WRITE THIS DAY HAD A TEAM OF 8-12 AND EVERYBODY THAT HELPED BREAK IT WAS FROM THE U.S. GOVERNMENT, THEY WERE FROM A COMPLEX OPERATIONS, THERE WERE FROM U.S. IP. TRULY INTERACTION. THERE WERE ALL INVOLVED IN HELPING WRITE THE PROPORTIONS AND EDITING IT AND HELPING US GIVE BE READY FOR PUBLICATION. THIS REALLY IS A MANUAL THAT THE UNITED STATES ARMY HELP FACILITATE IN GETTING PUBLISHED AT THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY AT LARGE COULD USE WHEN THEY HAVE TO GO DOWN REIGNED SOME PLACE TO OPERATE. |
| 01:32:52 | >> | ABSOLUTELY. IN FACT, IF YOU WERE TO TALK TO THE GENERAL HAD JOINED FORCES COMMAND HE WILL TELL YOU, HE HAS READ THIS COVER TO COVER AND BUSH DID FOR MANDATORY AT UP READING HE HAD SHARED IT WITH US BECAUSE HE UNDERSTANDS AND APPRECIATES THE VALUE OF WHAT THE ARMY DID IN HELPING PULL ALL OF THESE ORGANIZATIONS TOGETHER TO PUT THIS PIECE IN PUBLICATION. |
| 01:33:18 | >> | I THINK THERE IS A LOW CONFUSION ABOUT THE DISTANCE BETWEEN JOINT DOCTRINE AND SERVICE DR. NOT TO GET NERDY ON YOU BUT THE JOINT DOCTRINE THE PURPLE LAYER IS GEARED AT A DIFFERENT LEVEL. SO, THIS WAS NEVER SUPPOSED TO BE A JOINT MANUAL AND THAT IS SUPPOSED TO INFORM THE JOINED FORCES OF PLANNING AND WHAT NOT IT IS MORE GEARED TOWARDS THE PEOPLE ON THE GROUND AND THAT BRINGS IT DOWN A NOTCH SO THAT IT IS NOT, AND THAT IS A TERMINOLOGY THING JOINT DOCTRINE MARINE CORPS. SO THIS IS A SERVICE MANUAL. BUT IT IS A WHOLE GOVERNMENT EFFORT THAT IS ONE REASON WHY IT IS UNIQUE IN PROBABLY CONFUSING. |
| 01:34:05 | >> | I DON'T WANT TO PUT TOO SHORT OF IT FOR BUT WITH THE MANUAL YOU HAVE COME UP WITH A SERIES OF TASK THAT NEED TO BE ACCOMPLISHED AND FROM THAT SOME SENSE OF WHAT ORGANIZATIONS WOULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THOSE TESTS. FROM WHICH I WOULD THINK WE COULD SORT OF SIZE THE REQUIREMENT AND I THINK CARLOS HAS MADE THE POINT THAT THE CAPACITY IS WILLFULLY THAT THEY'RE NOT ONLY IN TERMS OF WHAT WE COULD DEPLOY IF WE SWIPED THE BOTTOM OF THE BARREL, BUT WE ARE REALLY TALKING ABOUT THREE OR FOUR FOLD INCREASE IF YOU HAVE FOR EXAMPLE STATE AND U.S. AID TRAINING IN A DAY TO DAY BASIS THE WAY THE ARMY TRAINS WHEN IT IS NOT DEPLOYED. AND SO YOU'RE LOOKING AT HUGELY LARGER ORGANIZATIONS AND AS SOMETHING LIKE THE CIVILIAN RESERVE COURT IS THAT 250 PEOPLE MOSTLY GSE 13 AND 14 IS NOT ONLY INADEQUATE, IT IS ALMOST COUNTERPRODUCTIVE. AND I AM WONDERING, IS THERE LEGISLATION FORTHCOMING? IS THERE A SENSE IN CONGRESS WITHIN THE BUREAUCRACY FOR THOSE WORKING THE PRESIDENTS' BUDGETS. I HAVEN'T HEARD OF ANYBODY TALKING ABOUT THAT KIND OF A QUANTUM INCREASE AS STAKE, USAID, NOR HAVE I HEARD ABOUT A WHOLESALE CHANGE IN TERMS OF THE TRAINING PROGRAM. IN FACT EVEN THE RECRUITMENT PROGRAMS THAT WOULD ALLOW YOU TO BELIEVE THAT WHEN YOU WOULD THROUGH A FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS CAREER, AT THE END OF THE DAY, DO HAVE SOME ADDED THAT WAS PERFECT FOR APR TEE. I MEAN IT JUST, IS THERE ANYTHING GOING ON, ARE WE MISSING SOMETHING OR FROM YOUR SIDE, YOU CRITIQUE BUT NOTHING IT IS ACTUALLY TRANSPIRING IN THE WAY OF MACRO CHANGE. |
| 01:35:55 | >> | LET ME JUST SAY A COUPLE OF THINGS. AND MICHELLE I AM SURE YOU HAVE THE OTHER PIECES TO THROW IN HERE FIRST OF ALL IF YOU COMPARE WHERE THE UNITED STATES IS ON THESE ISSUES TODAY VERSUS IN 2004, IT IS A RADICAL STEP FORWARD AT THAT STAGE THERE IS NO SENSE OF THAT THERE NEEDED TO BE A COMMON OFFICE TO UNIFY THESE EXPERIENCES. THERE WAS NO SUCH THING AS IN THE CENTRAL PAST, THE TRICKS, ANYTHING THAT WAS A CHECKLIST OF WHAT NEEDED TO BE ACHIEVED THERE WAS NOTHING TO PROVIDE GUIDANCE ON HOW PLANNING WOULD BE UNDERTAKEN. THERE WAS NO CAPACITY TO ACHIEVE ANY FORM OF INNER AGENCY COORDINATION OF PLANNING EXCEPT ON AN AD HOC BASIS THERE IS DUE GAZANS TO BE ABLE TO DO IT AND NOTHING WAS EVEN WRITTEN ABOUT ALL CIVILIANS WOULD DEPLOY WITH THE MILITARY. ALL OF THAT, THAT PART HAS CHANGED. AND WE HAVE TO RECOGNIZE IT AND SAY THAT SIGNIFICANT STEPS HAVE BEEN TAKEN IN THAT DIRECTION. WHEN THESE FUNCTIONS WERE FIRST CONCEIVED AND I WAS ASKED TO TAKE ON THE OFFICE OF COORDINATOR FOR RECONSTRUCTION CIVILIZATION, YOU KNOW, I BASICALLY WAS TOLD THAT I COULD HAVE 20 POSITIONS BUT OF THOSE 20 POSITIONS, THAT THERE WERE GOING TO BE PROVIDED ON SOME FORM OF DETAILED ARRANGEMENTS TOTALLY AD HOC. WE BUILD IT AT ABOUT 65 PEOPLE WHO WAS BASED ON NO FUNDING FOR THE OFFICE IT WAS TOTALLY ABSENT -- ADD HOC OPERATION AND THAT AS THE MARBELIZED AS WELL AND THERE'S A WILLINGNESS TO SEEK FUNDING FOR THOSE PURPOSES. THE 200 DID THE PEOPLE IN THE RESPONSE OR IS NOT COUNTERPRODUCTIVE IT IS ACTUALLY A REAL ADDITION THAT IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IF YOU HAVE GROUPS OF PEOPLE THAT COULD TRAIN SAY IN GROUPS OF 30 AND BECOME AVAILABLE AS A FIRST RESPONDER THAT YOU COULD PUT IN PLACES LIKE SUDAN OR IN HAITI IN THE CRITICAL MOMENTS WHERE YOU NEED TO BUILD UP THE CAPACITY TO MOVE UP -- BUILD A SITUATION WHERE THEY COULD ACTUALLY LEVERAGED MUCH WIDER INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT IT COULD MAKE A SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION AND WE HAVE ALREADY SEEN THAT CONTRIBUTION TAKE PLACE IN A NUMBER OF COUNTRIES SUDAN, HAITI AND 11 ON OUR THREE WHERE INDIVIDUALS DEPLOYED ON SERB -- SHORT-TERM BASIS DID MAKE A DIFFERENCE. BUT IF WE LOOK AT IT FROM A BIGGER CONTEXT, DO WE NEED MORE? ABSOLUTELY. HEAR THE PRESIDENT'S BUDGET IS ENCOURAGING. THE PRESIDENT INDICATED HE IS GOING TO SEEK A DOUBLING OF FOREIGN ASSISTANCE OVER AT A TIME OF YEARS. THAT THERE WILL BE SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN PERSONNEL. THERE IS STILL, ARE NOT THE STEPS THAT HAVE BEEN TAKEN THAT GO FAR ENOUGH TO ACTUALLY MOVE TOWARDS THE CREATION OF THE RESERVE. THAT IS A BASIC ISSUE THAT WILL BE ADDRESSED. THE ENGAGEMENT WITH THE CONGRESS IS ABSOLUTELY KEY. SENATOR LUGAR AT THAT POINT SITE -- SENATOR BIDEN WERE SPONSORING LEGISLATION AND LEAVES OUT MANY OF THE FOUNDATIONS AND AUTHORIZATIONS THAT ARE NECESSARY. THEY CALL TO THE CREATION OF CIVILIAN RESERVES. THE LEGISLATION HAS NEVER BEEN PASSED. AND IN FACT, MUCH OF THE CRITICAL LANGUAGE THAT IS NECESSARY IS IN FACT ALREADY WRITTEN. BUT, THERE HAS BEEN A SIGNIFICANT PART OF THE U.S. CONGRESS THAT RESISTED THIS AND HERE COMES A BASIC FACTOR THAT WE ARE QUARTET TO DEAL WITH. WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE U.S. BUDGET AND THE DEFICITS THAT WE HAVE BEEN RUNNING AND THE REQUESTS THAT HAVE BEEN MADE BY THE PREVIOUS DEMONSTRATION, USUALLY, WHEN YOU GO BACK AND LOOK AT THE OVERALL ALLOCATIONS FOR THE FOREIGN AFFAIRS BUDGET, WHEN THAT COMES BACK TO THE APPROPRIATE, APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE, THERE ARE BASICALLY SAYING, LOOK, THE AMOUNTS BETTER BEING REQUESTED ARE 3 BILLION, 5 BILLION MORE THAN WHAT WE ALREADY HAVE. YOU ARE TELLING US THAT YOU CAN'T CUT ANY THING BACK AND YOU WANT TO ADD SOMETHING NEW. AND SO COMING IN EFFECT, BUT WE'RE BASICALLY GOING TO GET TO ARGUE IT REMOVES SOMETHING LIKE THIS FORWARD IS IT IS GOOD TO TAKE THE PRESIDENT, SECRETARY OF STATE, SECRETARY OF DEFENSE COMING TOGETHER AND SAY INVESTMENTS IN THESE CAPABILITIES ARE A NATIONAL SECURITY PRIORITY FOR THE UNITED STATES. THAT TO GO TO THE TOP OF THE LIST AND THIS IS THE LEVEL THAT WE ARE QUARTET TO PUT INTO IT. AND THIS IS A CONTEST FOR COMPARISON WITH PRESIDENT BUSH IN THE LAST DATE OF THE UNION ADDRESS SAID WE WILL INCREASE THE SIZE OF THE U.S. MILITARY BY 90,000. IN RESPONSE TO THAT? IN THE CONTROVERSY? NONE. NONE WHATSOEVER. TALK ABOUT INCREASING THE SIZE OF THE U.S. FOREIGN SERVICE AND CIVILIAN CAPABILITIES BY 5,000, 10,000, IS MASSIVE BUSH BACKS. IT IS SEEN AS AN EXTRANEOUS INVESTMENT AND CAPABILITIES THAT ARE NOT NECESSARY BECAUSE WE DON'T UNDERSTAND HOW THEY FIT INTO OUR NATIONAL SECURITY AND THAT IS A CHANGE WE HAVE TO MAKE. THAT INVESTMENT, ONE NINTH OF WHAT WE JUST MADE AN EXPANSION OF U.S. MILITARY. THAT THAT HAS TO BE MADE IN CIVILIAN CAPACITY. |
| 01:41:00 | >> | I THINK IF I COULD JUST ADD. THIS POINTS TO THE NEED FOR A MUCH BROADER NATIONAL CONVERSATION DIALOGUE ON THIS ISSUE. WE HAVE NOW SEVEN OR EIGHT YEARS OF PRETTY SEARING EXPERIENCE AND A PRETTY GOOD SENSE OF WHAT IS NEEDED IN THESE KINDS OF OPERATIONS. BUT THAT KNOWLEDGE THAT PEOPLE WHO HAVE GONE DEPLOYMENT AFTER DEPLOYMENT HAVE AND TAKE IT FOR GRANTED, IT IS OBVIOUS, ISN'T ALWAYS WIDELY KNOWN HERE IN WASHINGTON. AND, OUT ACROSS THE COUNTRY. I THINK WE NEED TO HAVE A NATIONAL DIALOGUE ABOUT WHAT IT TAKES TO BE SUCCESSFUL IN PROTECTING AND ADVANCING OUR INTEREST IN THESE OPERATIONS. AND I THINK CONGRESS NEEDS TO UNDERSTAND HOW VITAL SOME OF THESE INVESTING IN THESE CIVILIAN CAPACITIES ARE. I ALSO ENCOURAGE PEOPLE TO THANK BEYOND WHAT CAPACITY COULD REBUILD INSIDE THE U.S. GOVERNMENT. I THINK THAT THIS GOES TO THE ISSUE OF NATIONAL AWARENESS AND PRETTY MORE OPPORTUNITY FOR AMERICANS WHO ARE VERY PATRIOTIC, TO WANT TO SERVE, WANT TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE. CREATING OPPORTUNITIES FOR THEM TO SERVE. AND I WILL GIVE YOU MY FAVORITE EXAMPLE SAID THERE GATES CAME FROM BEING PRESIDENT OF TEXAS A AND M AND UTILITIES OF THE UNIVERSITY ONE OF THE MANY LAND GRANT OPPORTUNITIES THAT HAS AGRICULTURE TEAMS DEPLOYED ALL OVER THE WORLD, ALL OF THE TIME. HOW COULD WE TAP IN TO THAT AS A RESOURCE IN A PLACE LIKE AFGHANISTAN? COULD WE GO TO THE PRIVATE SECTOR? TO UNIVERSITIES? UP TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE AND GREAT OPPORTUNITIES AND MECHANISMS AND INCENTIVES FOR PEOPLE ARE REAL EXPERTS CHEMICAL HAVE REALLY USEFUL EXPERTISE TO BE A PART OF THIS? AND TO GIVE THE SIX MONTHS OF THEIR TIME, A YEAR OF THEIR TIME, TO HELP ACHIEVE IT IS EXCESS THAT IS REALLY VITAL TO THIS COUNTRY. |
| 01:43:17 | >> | THANK YOU. I WORK FOR A SMALL FIRM. WE SUPPORT THE UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FOR PERSONNEL AND READINESS. AM PREPARED THE ZERO D FOR THE WHOLE GOVERNMENT AND PARTICULARLY TRAINING FOR THE WHOLE GOVERNMENT FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND A CIVILIZATION. AND, IF WE ARE INVITING YOU TO-I WANT TO PICK UP ON ACTUALLY GENERAL CALLED WELL AND HIS POINTS IN HIS OPENING REMARKS HAD THE MILITARY COMMANDERS AND MILITARY PERSONNEL IN GENERAL OR SORT OF REQUIRED AFGHANISTAN AND IRAQ TO WORK ON AN AD HOC BASIS YOU HAD IN ILLUSTRATED BASES AND I CAN'T REMEMBER HOW YOU DESCRIBE IT BUT THEY ARE ON THE GROUND AND DOING THINGS FOR WHICH THEY ARE NOT TRAINED. THEY HAVE THE FUNDS IN QUICK RESPONSE FUNDS AND COMMANDER FUNDS IN IRAQ. LACKING CIVILIAN CAPACITY UNTIL IT COMES ALONG THEY ARE STILL GOING TO BE CALLED ON TO PERFORM AND TO COME TO THE MANUAL SPECIFICALLY IT IS CLEARLY CROSS WALKED TO THE TASK LIST WHICH IS CALLED RECONSTRUCTION TASK LIST BUT THE FIVE SECTORS SO IN ADDITION TO THE POLICE AND RULE OF LAW, YOU MENTIONED IT IS LACKING THE CAPACITY. IT IS LACKING COMMANDERS AS I UNDERSTAND IT IN MILITARY PERSONNEL ARE EXPECTED AND ARE IN FACT CONVECTING GOVERNANCE, SOME SECURITY AND IN THE OTHER FIELD AND OTHER SECTORS AS WELL ECONOMICS, SOCIAL WELFARE ET CETERA. SO ESSENTIALLY MY QUESTION IS, WHAT SORT OF TRADING, AND THE QUESTION THAT THEY ARE ASKING US IS WAS SORT OF TRADING IT SHOULD WE BE LOOKING AT NOW CHRIS MAYBE YOU COULD TELL US A LITTLE BIT MORE ABOUT WHAT IS GOING ON AND WHAT DO THOSE COMMANDERS HAVE TO KNOW IN THOSE AREAS, KNOWING THAT THEY ARE GOING TO BE FILLING THAT GAP AS 3,005 STILL SAYS THEY HAVE TO UNTIL CIVILIAN CAPACITY COMES ALONG WE ARE NOT GOING TO TRAIN THEM TO THE GOVERNANCE EXPERTS OR TRADE THEM TO THE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT EXPERTS THE THEY ARE GOING TO HAVE TO FILL THE GAP. SO COULD YOU GIVE US MORE SPECIFICS ON WHAT THE TRAINING LOOKS LIKE AND -- AT LEAVENWORTH AND MORE CAPACITY COULD WE GIVE THEM, OUR MILITARY PERSONNEL IN |
| 01:45:45 | >> | GO AHEAD. |
| 01:45:49 | >> | THE FIRST THING IS, IS IN OUR LEADERS A DIFFERENT MIND-SET AND AS WE TALK WITHIN THE ARMY NOW, OUR JOB IS TO CREATE AGILE LEADERS. THAT IS PARAMOUNT. THEY HAVE TO NOW BECAUSE YOU CAN NEVER YOU EDUCATE FOR UNCERTAIN ECONOMY YOU TRAIN FOR 30. AND SO AND OUR EDUCATIONAL PROCESS WE ARE OUT THERE EDUCATING THEM ON HOW TO PREPARE FOR UNCERTAINTY WHICH MEANS, WE CANNOT POSSIBLY PREDICT OR THINK OF EVERY SITUATION. WE GET THEM A LOT OF DIFFERENT SCENARIOS TO EXERCISE AND. BUT OUR JOB OUT THERE IS TO TEACH THEM HOW TO THANK, NOT HOW TO THINK OF WHAT TO THINK SO WE HAVE TAKEN A REAL TURN IN OUR PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION WITH THESE MAJORS THAT HAVE COME THERE ABOUT 1400 A YEAR. AND, TAKING A LOOK AND SAYING WHEN YOU LEAVE HERE, GET TO BE FAR MORE AGILE AND ADAPTED DID YOU EVER THOUGHT BEFORE WE ARE BLESSED THE WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE CAR COMPOSITION OF OUR CAUSE OF ARMY OFFICERS THAT ARE THERE, WELL OVER 90% ARE COMBAT VETERANS. OVER 33% ARE MULTIPLE TIME VETERANS. WE HAVE A COMBAT SEASON LIKE WE HAVE NEVER SEEN IN MY ARMY CAREER. AND, SO WHEN I SEE THE YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN WALKED IN OUT THERE, THEY ALREADY HAVE BEEN THERE AND DONE THAT AND EXPERIENCED IT AND HAVE AN UNDERSTANDING OF IT. THE MORE THAT WE CAN BRING INTERNATIONAL STATUS TO EDUCATE THEM AND BRING IN THE WAR ENTERED AGENCY TO COMMUNICATE WITH THEM WE EVEN HAVE THE MORE THE WEEK TO BRING NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS TO ENTER ACT AND DO THINGS WITH THEM OUT THERE DURING THAT YEAR OF EDUCATION. THE MARKET GLOBAL THEY ARE GOING TO BE TO HANDLE THAT UNCERTAINTY THAT THEY ARE FACED WITH. AND WE REALLY FACE THE ACCORDS OF BEING GREETED AT THE APPROACH AND THINK OUT OF THE BOX AND LOOK FOR NEW SOLUTIONS AND UNDERSTAND THE RESOURCES THAT YOU HAVE, WHEREVER YOU GO, WHERE EVERY YOUR PLACE, IS WHAT YOU'RE GOING TO HAVE TO WORK WITH. SO NOW GET CREATIVE AND ADAPTED TO THE SITUATION TO ACCOMPLISH WHATEVER WE HAVE BEEN ASKED TO ACHIEVE. AND, AGAIN, WE HAVE DONE IT THROUGH EXERCISE PROGRAMS OUT THERE. WE DO A LOT OF EXERCISE IT AND THROUGH EDUCATION HAVE GOTTEN MUCH MORE INTO SMALL GROUP FACILITATING DISCUSSIONS WITH THE STUDENTS SO WE ARE WORKING REALLY HARD SO THAT WE CAN EFFECTIVE THAT. BUT, A KEY COMPONENT THAT HAS BEEN ABLE TO GET MORE INNER AGENCY DEVELOPMENT OUT THERE AND A PART OF OUR EDUCATIONAL PROCESS. TO DO THAT, AND THE REST OF THE INNER AGENCIES ARE READY TO DO IF THEY ARE JUST CONSTRAINED. SO GENERAL MUKASEY AUTHORIZED US TO PUT MILITARY AUTHORS -- OFFICERS INTO THE BACKFIELD THAT AGREED THAT IT WAS SENT OUT TO BE EDUCATED WITH ITS WE DON'T CHARGE THEM ANYTHING THERE IS NO IT CAUSES SO SHOULD THEY DECIDE TO SHOW UP IN GET A MASTER DEGREE. AND HAIL WITH THE U.S. MILITARY FOR A YEAR THAT IS ALL WE WANT THEM TO COME OUT AND DO AND THE PART OF WHO WE ARE AS A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO LEARNING. AND EDUCATING. |
| 01:48:48 | >> | I ALSO THINK ANOTHER POINT OF EVOLUTION THAT HAS GONE ON IN THE TRAINING AND EDUCATION ACROSS THE MILITARY. PART OF YOUR POINT I THINK ALSO WAS, THEY HAVE TO KIND OF KNOW HOW TO DO THIS STUFF AND IT -- UNTIL THE CIVILIAN SHOW UP IT IS A LITTLE MORE COMPLEX THAN THAT. YES, THAT IS TRUE, THEY ARE FILLING IN FOR WHAT PEOPLE WOULD CONSIDER TO BE CIVILIAN TASKS. HOWEVER IF AND WHEN THE CIVILIANS DO COME AND IF THEY CONTINUE TO COME IN INCREASING NUMBERS AND WITH INCREASING NUMBERS, THAT MEANS THAT THE MILITARY DOESN'T JUST GO BACK TO TRAINING THE WAY IT USED TO INDICATE IN THE WAY IT USED TO IT MEANS THE MILITARY NOW EDUCATE FOR HOW TO BEST ENABLE THOSE ACTORS AND REALLY ON LACK THE CAPACITY AND EXPERTISE OF THE ACTORS MEANS WHAT DO THEY NEED FROM THE MILITARY AND I THINK THAT YOU WILL SEE THE EDUCATION AS TO CONTINUE TO ADAPT AND EVOLVE IN ORDER TO TAKE THAT CHANGING ROLE TO THE DEGREE THAT IT CHANGES. AS MICHELE SAID THE MILITARY AND U.S. GOVERNMENT IN GENERAL IS LIKELY TO BE DOING THESE THINGS THIS IS THE COMPLEX SYSTEM THAT WE ARE FACED WITH INTERNATIONALLY. THAT DOESN'T MEAN THE ONES AT THE CIVILIAN SHOW UP THE MILITARY ARE GOING TO STAY HOME. I THINK THEY ARE GOING TO BE OUT THERE TOGETHER SO THEY HAVE TO KEEP LEARNING TOGETHER. |
| 01:50:04 | >> | OKAY, I GOT A NOTE THAT WE IN THE BACK THERE IS FIVE MINUTES LEFT AND I WAS ABLE TO SEE IT BECAUSE I HAD LISTED LAST WEEKEND, I WANTED YOU TO KNOW SO I AM GOING TO TAKE ABOUT TWO OR THREE QUESTIONS TOGETHER AND WE WOULD THEN GET IT WRAPPED UP. SO GO AHEAD. YES, YOU. |
| 01:50:23 | >> | I HAVE A QUESTION REGARDING AFGHANISTAN. OUR PROVINCIAL RECONSTRUCTION TEAMS GOING TO BE ENHANCED BASED ON WHAT PRESIDENT OBAMA HAS SAID AND IN AN EFFORT TO CONTINUE TO IMPROVE THE AFGHAN ECONOMY? AND. |
| 01:50:35 | >> | ARE THEY GOING TO BE WHAT. |
| 01:50:38 | >> | ENHANCED. |
| 01:50:42 | >> | AND A FOLLOW-UP, WHAT IS THE ALTERNATIVE FOR THE AFGHANISTAN OF LISTENING TO SOMETHING ON NPR AND IT IS ONE OF THE POOREST COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD AND DIDN'T HAVE MUCH IN THE WAY OF ALTERNATIVE CROPS. SO IF YOU TALK ABOUT DEALING WITH THE COUNTER NARCO TRAFFICKERS, EVEN PROVIDING AN ALTERNATIVE IT IS A KEY. COULD YOU DISCUSS WITH THE ALTERNATIVES WOULD BE AND WHAT THE FUTURE IS GOING TO BE IN AFGHANISTAN. |
| 01:51:09 | >> | SURE. |
| 01:51:15 | >> | I THINK ONE OF THE OBJECTIVES AND SENDING MORE CIVILIANS TO AFGHANISTAN IS TO ENHANCE THE CAPABILITY OF MORE BROADLY, TO REALLY SHIFT SOME OF THE ETHICIST TO A MORE BOTTOM-UP APPROACH TO CAPACITY BUILDING. TO WORK MORE AT THE DISTRICT AND PROVINCIAL LEVEL IN THIS CARLOS MENTIONED HOW IMPORTANT IT IS TO BE ALLOWED TO PASS THAT AT THAT LEVEL. THAT IS REALLY THE LEVEL AT WHICH MOST AFGHANS HAVE ANY DIRECT EXPERIENCE WITH THEIR GOVERNMENT. AND SO, BUILDING CAPACITY AT FADL IS ABSOLUTELY CRITICAL IF DOESN'T MEAN IT WAS OUT LOOKING WITH THE NATIONAL MINISTRIES AND WORK ON NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS BUT I THINK THAT WE WANT TO PUSH MORE PEOPLE OUTSIDE OF KABUL ONCE THE SECURITY SITUATION ALLOWS AND ENHANCED THE PURITY AND OTHER MECHANISMS TO GET AT THE LOCAL LEVEL. THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR REFORM AT LARGE WILL BE CRITICAL AND PART OF MAKING THE COUNTER NARCOTICS STRATEGY MORE EFFECTIVE WILL BE WORKING A LOT HARDER ON CROP SUBSTITUTION. I AM NOT AN AGRONOMIST. BUT I KNOW THAT THERE ARE, HISTORICALLY, AFGHANISTAN HAS GROWN A LOT OF WHEAT AND A NUMBER OF, TRADITIONALLY HAD FRUIT ORCHARDS. I HAVE HEARD OF SOME AGRONOMISTS WHO HAVE DEVELOPED A FORM OF ALL FLESH THAT IS SUITED FOR AFGHANS. SO I THINK THERE ARE A LOT OF OPTIONS TO BE EXPLORED. BUT IT IS GOOD TO TAKE SOME ASSISTANCE AND ENABLING PEOPLE TO MAKE THAT TRANSITION AND WHAT REAL SECURITY SO THAT THEY DON'T FALL PREY TO THE VERY HEAVY HANDED COERCION AND INTIMIDATION THAT GOES ON TO TRY TO KEEP THEM |
| 01:53:03 | >> | . |
| 01:53:07 | >> | A QUICK FOLLOW-UP. THE STRATEGY BEING EMPLOYED TO SECURE THE COUNTRYSIDE, I READ IT WILL BE SOMETHING SIMILAR TO A CLEAR HOLD AND BILL. IS THERE ANY THOUGHT BEEN GIVEN TOWARDS WHAT THE STATUS OF THE ROAD BUILDING PROBLEM IS THERE HAS OURS BEEN AN ISSUE OF OUT I AREAS BEING DISCONNECTED FROM KABUL AND NOT BEING CONNECTED FAREWELL P.O. ROADS. |
| 01:53:33 | >> | WHEN YOU LOOK AT AGRICULTURAL SECTOR REFORM YOU HAVE TO TAKE A SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE WHERE YOU LOOK NOT ONLY AT HOW DO YOU HELP FARMERS GROW THEIR, YOU KNOW, OUTGROW LEGAL AND PRODUCTIVE CROPS, MORE EFFECTIVELY, BUT ALSO, HOW DO THEY GET THE CROPS TO MARKET. HOW DO THEY YOU KNOW, DEAL WITH ALL OF THE FULL CYCLE THAT IS REQUIRED. HOW DO THEY IRRIGATE THE CROP AND GET ENERGY AND SO FORTH. SO, I THINK THAT WE ARE GOING TO TRY TO TAKE A SYSTEMS APPROACH AND WE ALSO HAVE, WE ARE NOT STARTING WITH A BLANK SHEET HERE. THERE IS A NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, THERE ARE ALL KINDS OF PLANTS THAT HAVE BEEN PUT TOGETHER. WE JUST HAVEN'T HAD THE SECURITY CONDITIONS OR RESOURCES TO BRING IT ALL TOGETHER. AND I DO YOU THINK THAT WE ARE GOING TO PUT A LOT OF FOCUS AND EFFORT WITH NATIONAL FOREIGN DONOR EFFORTS AND AFGHAN ENDED U.S. EFFORTS TOGETHER WITH A MUCH MORE COHERENT AND CAN HES -- COHESIVE SET THAT WILL WORK OVER YEARS. PEOPLE TEND TO THANK JUST IN TERMS OF HOW LONG WILL TROOPS BE THERE. AFGHANISTAN IS A VERY LONG TERM DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS. THE MILITARY INTERVENTION WILL THAT GO FOR THE FULL, AND WE WILL BE THERE IN AFGHANISTAN HELPING WITH ECONOMIC AND OTHER KINDS OF DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE FOR A VERY LONG TIME. THAT DOESN'T MEAN THE AFGHANS WILL BE PREPARED. I THINK IN A MUCH SLOWER TIME THERE WILL BE READY TO TAKE THE LEAD ON A PART OF GOVERNMENT. |
| 01:55:10 | >> | I THINK WE ARE ALL OUT OF TIME I WANT TO GIVE THE PANELIST TO SAY AND A BIG DEAL FINAL COMMENTS OR THOUGHTS, OR NOT. |
| 01:55:19 | >> | I JUST WANT TO SAY AND APPLAUD THE WORK OF THAT GENERAL CALDWELL AND OTHERS HAVE DONE AND, YOU KNOW, THIS IS REALLY HARD. AND, ONE OF THE THING THE U.S. MILITARY TRIED TO DO WELL IS TAKE STOCK AT ITS OWN EXPERIENCE AND INSTITUTIONALIZE THOSE EMPTIED INTO TRAINING AND EDUCATION AND SO FORTH. IT IS A GOOD EXAMPLE FOR ALL THIS GOING FORWARD THE WEEK, AS THE GOVERNMENT AND A NATION, WE NEED TO TAKE STOCK OF WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED IN THE LAST SEVERAL YEARS AND TRIED TO APPLY SOME LESSONS IN HOW WE SPEND RESOURCES AND WHERE WE PUT OUR ATTENTION GOING FORWARD. |
| 01:56:03 | >> | I THINK IF THERE IS ONE CRITICAL THING FOR ALL THIS TO KEEP REMEMBERING IS SUCCESS HERE IS GOING TO DEPEND ON A RIVAL POLITICAL SOLUTIONS WITHIN COUNTRIES AND LOCAL CAPACITY TO ACTUALLY SUSTAIN IT. THE TWO OF THEM ARE FUNDAMENTAL TO ANY KIND OF SUSTAINABILITY. AND SO, WITH IT -- WHAT IS BEING LAID OUT HERE IN THIS MANNER ALT -- MANUAL IS A PORTION OF HIGHER YOU GET TO THOSE VIABLE SOLUTIONS AND HOW YOU BUILD UP AND ACHIEVE THE CAPACITY FROM THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT AND, IN REALITY BETWEEN UNITED STATES AND THE REST OF THE COMMUNITY, HOW YOU ACHIEVE A LOCAL PRESENCE TO WORK WITH COUNTERPARTS AND BUILD UP THEIR CAPABILITIES SO THAT THEY HAVE CAPACITY TO BE ABLE TO GOVERN THEIR COUNTRY AND DELIVER SERVICES TO THEIR PEOPLE AND MAINTAIN SECURITY FOR THEIR PEOPLE. AND THAT IS FUNDAMENTALLY WHAT IT IS ABOUT. SO WE HAVE TO KEEP THINKING ABOUT THIS AND PERSPECTIVE. WHAT IS THE U.S. GOVERNMENT DOING AND WHAT ARE WE DEFINING TO THAT ENVIRONMENT IF WE LOOK AT IT FROM THAT PERSPECTIVE WE WILL NOT SUCCEED. IF WE LOOK AT IT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF HOW DO YOU BUILD A CAPACITY IN A WAY THAT THEY COULD SUSTAIN IT THEN WE HAVE A CHANCE FOR SUCCESS IS HARDER AND TAKES MORE TIME AND INTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENT AND COOPERATION TO BE ABLE TO DO IT. BUT THAT IS THE ONLY WAY, I THINK THAT WE'RE GOING TO BE ABLE TO SEE SUSTAINABLE I COMES. |
| 01:57:25 | >> | AND I WOULD JUST SAY YES AS WE PUT TOGETHER THIS MANUAL AND GOING FROM CONFLICT OF PEACE, SEVERAL WILL TAKE IN THAT THING TO HAVE HEARD IT TODAY A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH. THERE IS NO EASY SOLUTION. IT IS GOING TO BE HARD. BUT IF EVERYONE MOVES FORWARD AND UNDERSTANDS THAT THE MILITARY IS VERY IMPORTANT, IT IS NOT WANT TO BE SUFFICIENT TO ACHIEVE THE FINAL PEACE. AND WE TAKE A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW AND EVERYBODY UNDERSTANDS THAT AND WE USE RESOURCES SO THAT IT CAN IN FACT BE DONE THEN I THINK THAT WE CAN FIND THE LESSONS THAT WE HAVE LEARNED OVER THE PAST FEW YEARS AND AN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF WHAT WE ARE GOING TO FACE IN THE NEXT 10-25 YEARS REALLY IS IMPORTANT THAT WE PUT TOO HARD WHAT WE ALL LIVE HERE IN THIS MANUAL AS A COLLABORATIVE EFFORT THAT WAS PUT TO WRITING THIS THING. |
| 01:58:15 | >> | FIGURE. AND THINK TO EVERYBODY FOR COMING AND LISTENING AND ALSO FOR THE QUICK CHANGE IN TIME AND COMING OUT. I WANT TO SAY IT FIGURED TO GENERAL CALDWELL AND HIS TEAM FOR THE LEADERSHIP THEY HAVE HAD ON THIS MANUAL AND ALSO TO MICHELE FOR HER FOR READ THIS ISSUE FROM WHICH WAS OUTSTANDING AND TO THE BROOKINGS IT TEAM, CARLOS, PETER AND MICHAEL AND HIS ERA FOR HELPING US LAUNCH THIS EVENT. FINALLY THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN WHO, WITHOUT THEIR SPONSORSHIP OF THIS PARTICULAR ADDITION WE CANNOT ALL BE HERE RIGHT NOW. AND AS A FINAL NOTE, DOCTRINE IS A STRATEGY INFORMS STRATEGY AND POLICY AND TO THE EXTENT THIS BOOK HAS GENERATED THIS DEBATE AND DIALOGUE I THINK IT IS DOING ITS JOB. IF YOU ARE INTERESTED, WE HAVE THEM FOR SALE, WHERE? RIGHT OUTSIDE THE DOOR. SO, I THANK YOU VERY MUCH. [APPLAUSE] [INAUDIBLE CONVERSATIONS] [INAUDIBLE CONVERSATIONS] JUNE 2nd, 1986 WHEN E THE COVERAGE OF THE U.S. SENATE STARTED ON THE NEW CABLE CHANNEL C-SPAN TO COURTESY OF AMERICA'S CABLE COMPANIES SEVEN YEARS AFTER LAUNCHING C-SPAN. C-SPAN COVERING WASHINGTON LIKE NO OTHER. |